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27A

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  • ______ is formed when sperm and egg fuse together

    zygote

  • _____: First cell of new individual and all body cells arise from it.

    Zygote

  • Testes and ovaries produce two products. What are they?

    gametes and sex hormones

  • Gamete formed by cell division is called what?

    Meiosis

  • Sex hormones (_____ hormones):

    • _______ in males

    • ______ and _______ in females

    steroid

    testosterone

    estrogens and progesterone

  • _____ is released from gonads of both male and female

    Inhibin

  • Period of life when reproductive organs grow to adult size and become functional

    Puberty

  • Before puberty, low circulating levels of steroidal sex hormones are enough to suppress secretion of ______ by ______.

    GnRH by Hypothalamus

  • As puberty approaches, hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to inhibition by sex hormones.

    • Hypothalamus releases ______ in a pulse like manner

    GnRH

  • _______ ______ releases FSH and LH in response to increased GnRH levels.

    Anterior Pituitary

  • _____ and _____ stimulate gonads to release more sex hormones

    FSH and LH

  • Nuclear division that occurs only in gonads.

    • same process for males and females

    Meiosis

  • Meiosis reduces number of chromosomes in gametes by ____, so zygote does not end up with twice as many _______.

    half

    chromosomes

  • Meiosis consists of two consecutive nuclear divisions referred to as _____ and ____ _.

    • The product is 4 ______ ______ cells.

    Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2

    haploid daughter cells

  • Each nuclear division involves 4 steps.

    Prophase

    Metaphase

    Anaphase

    Telophase

  • During _______, preceding meiosis, all chromosomes are replicated.

    interphase

  • During Meiosis 1, homologous pairs _______, reducing # of chromosomes from _____ to ____.

    separate

    2n to n

  • During Meiosis 2, sister ______ separate

    • Each daughter cell gets _____ share of chromosomes

    chromatids

    equal

  • What is the exchange of genetic material between male and female chromatids?

    Crossover (chiasmata)

  • The ____ are sperm producing male gonads that lie within the scrotum

    testes

  • Sperm is delivered to the body through a system of ducts:

    epididymis

    ductus deferens

    ejaculatory duct

    urethra

  • The accessory sex glands are _____ glands, ______, and ______ ______ glands.

    Seminal glands

    prostate

    bulbourethral glands

  • Sac of skin and superficial fascia

    Scrotum

  • The scrotum is ____ degrees Celsius lower than core body temp

    • Necessary for _____ ________

    3

    sperm production

  • ______ _____: divides scrotum into two compartments

    Midline septum

  • When cold, testes are ______ ______ to warm body wall.

    pulled closer

  • What is the layer of smooth muscle in superficial fascia that wrinkles skin?

    Dartos Muscle

  • What are the bands of skeletal muscle that elevate testes?

    Cremaster muscles

  • Each testis is surrounded by 2 tunics:

    • ____ _____: outer layer derived from peritoneum

    • ____ ____: inner layer forms fibrous capsule

    Tunica Vaginalis

    Tunica Albuginea

  • Septa divide testis into ___ lobules, each containing __ to __ seminiferous tubules

    250

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