BackAnatomy & Physiology: Endocrine System and Blood Vocabulary
Terms in this set (29)
The system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions.
A chemical messenger secreted by endocrine glands that affects target cells.
A cell that has specific receptors for a hormone and responds to it.
A regulatory mechanism where a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change.
The master endocrine gland that controls other endocrine glands and secretes multiple hormones.
An endocrine gland that produces thyroid hormones regulating metabolism.
A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium levels.
A gland that produces hormones like aldosterone, cortisol, and catecholamines involved in stress response.
Hormones that cannot pass through the cell membrane and bind to surface receptors, often using second messengers like cAMP.
Hormones that pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors to affect gene expression.
A common second messenger molecule that transmits hormone signals inside the cell.
A brain region that controls the pituitary gland and regulates many endocrine functions.
A hormone that promotes water retention by the kidneys to regulate blood volume and pressure.
The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism.
A hormone from the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts.
An adrenal hormone that increases sodium retention and potassium excretion to regulate blood pressure.
A glucocorticoid hormone from the adrenal cortex involved in stress response and metabolism.
A pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.
A pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and glycogen synthesis.
The liquid component of blood that transports cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
A red blood cell responsible for oxygen transport via hemoglobin.
The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells composed of heme groups and globin chains.
A white blood cell involved in immune defense.
A cell fragment that helps in blood clotting by forming platelet plugs.
The process of blood cell formation from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
The process by which certain leukocytes engulf and digest pathogens or debris.
The blood clotting process involving conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to form a stable clot.
A classification of blood based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells.
A protein antigen on red blood cells; presence defines Rh-positive blood type.