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Anatomy & Physiology lecture exam 2 Study Flashcards

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  • Functions of the Integumentary System

    Protection, body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, and excretion.

  • Electrical Junctions in the Integumentary System

    Desmosomes and tight junctions hold cells together.

  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma Characteristics

    Second most common, arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, grows rapidly, and can metastasize. scaly, red papule. located on scalp, ears, lips, and hands.

  • Melanoma Characteristics

    Most dangerous skin cancer, highly metastatic, resistant to chemotherapy.

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma

    Originates in the basal layer of the epidermis, appears as a shiny dome-shaped nodule. most common.

  • Burn Classification

    First-degree: epidermis only; redness and pain.
    Second-degree: epidermis and upper dermis; blisters.
    Third-degree: entire thickness of skin; gray-white, cherry red, or blackened; no pain.

  • Skin Cancer Risk Factors

    UV radiation exposure, fair skin, frequent sunburns, and genetic predisposition.

  • Skin Layers Involved in Second-Degree Burns

    Epidermis and upper dermis layers are damaged, causing blisters and pain.

  • Skin Layers Involved in Third-Degree Burns

    Entire thickness of skin is destroyed; skin appears gray-white, cherry red, or blackened; no pain due to nerve damage.

  • Role of Desmosomes in Skin

    Provide strong adhesion between keratinocytes, maintaining skin integrity.

  • Cutaneous Sensation Function

    Allows perception of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature through sensory receptors.

  • Metabolic Functions of the Skin

    Includes synthesis of vitamin D precursor and detoxification of some chemicals.

  • Blood Reservoir Function of Skin

    Skin holds a significant volume of blood that can be redirected to other organs as needed.

  • Excretion by the Skin

    Elimination of nitrogenous wastes and salts through sweat.

  • Melanoma Origin

    Arises from melanocytes, often from preexisting moles.

  • Importance of Early Detection in Skin Cancer

    Early diagnosis improves treatment success and survival rates.

  • epidermis tissue

    primarily squamous epithelium

  • stratum granulosum function of lamellar granuoals

    slows water loss

  • keratinocytes function

    protein production

  • melanocytes function

    pigment production

  • dendrite cells

    macrophages - key activators of the immune system

  • tatile cells

    touch receptors

  • dermis tissue

    80% dense irregular connective tissue

  • melanin color

    red yellow black brown

  • carotene color

    yellow orange makes vitamin A

  • Hemoglobin

    pinkish hue of fair skin

  • Homeostatic imbalance

    Striae - Stretch marks Blister - short term trauma

  • hair shaft

    The part that is visible

  • hair bulb

    hair matrix and touch receptor

  • hair root

    above bulb consists of cuticle cortex and medulla

  • hair papilla

    blood supply. very bottom layer

  • how does hair turn gray?

    Decreased melanin

  • vellum hair

    Fine thin "baby hairs" on children and adults

  • terminal hair

    thick course hair found on eyebrows and pubs

  • Eccrine function

    Thermoregulation, found on palms, soles, and forehead

  • sebaceous gland

    not present in thick skin. Function is oil secretion that coats hair shaft.