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Anatomy & Physiology: Skin and Integumentary System

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  • Which epidermal layer is most closely associated with the papillary layer of the dermis?
    The stratum basale is most closely associated with the papillary layer of the dermis.
  • Where are Langerhans cells commonly found?
    Langerhans cells are commonly found in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis.
  • What type of tissue composes the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?
    The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are mainly composed of connective tissue.
  • What role does collagen play in the skin?
    Collagen lends structure to the skin.
  • Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypodermis?
    The hypodermis does NOT serve as a source of blood vessels in the epidermis.
  • What is the function of the arrector pili muscles in response to sympathetic nervous system stimuli?
    The arrector pili muscles cause goose bumps by contracting.
  • What does the hair matrix contain?
    The hair matrix contains a layer of basal cells responsible for hair growth.
  • What is the primary function of eccrine sweat glands?
    Eccrine sweat glands are present throughout the skin and produce watery sweat for thermoregulation.
  • What are sebaceous glands associated with and what do they secrete?
    Sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles and secrete sebum.
  • Which part of the nail is furthest from the growth center?
    The hyponychium is furthest from the nail growth center.
  • What is required in human skin for vitamin D synthesis?
    Exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for vitamin D synthesis.
  • Which structure does NOT directly contribute to the protective function of the integumentary system?
    Folic acid synthesis does not directly contribute to skin protection.
  • Which skin layer must be cut to cause bleeding?
    Cutting into the papillary dermis causes bleeding.
  • Which epidermal layer prevents the skin from drying out?
    The stratum corneum prevents skin from drying out.
  • Which cells help remove bacteria if they enter a skin wound?
    Langerhans cells help get rid of bacteria in the skin.
  • How can skin cancer risk be reduced?
    Skin cancer risk can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun.
  • What causes bedsores and how can they be prevented?
    Bedsores are caused by pressure points and can be prevented by eliminating pressure points.
  • Which layers of skin are damaged when blisters form after sunburn?
    Blisters indicate damage to both the epidermis and dermis.
  • What is the next step in wound healing after blood clot formation?
    The next step is increased production of connective tissue to repair the wound.
  • Which cells are affected by squamous cell carcinoma?
    Squamous cell carcinoma affects keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.