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anatomy chap 23

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  • what does the digestive system do

    the digestive system breaks down food and absorbs its nutrients into the bloodstream and eliminates waste.

  • what are the two sets of organs in the digestive system, give examples of each.

    alimentary canal: mouth pharynx esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon

    accessory organs, teeth, tongue, liver, pancreas, salivary glands, gallbladder. all connect to alimentary canal via ducts

  • what is the peritoneum

    the peritoneum is a serious membrane. the visceral peritoneum lines the organs and the parietal peritoneum lines the body wall. mesenteries are double layers of peritoneum that hold organs in place.

  • what are the intraparietal organs and rectoperineal organs

    interparietal organs: liver, stomach, ileum, jejuem, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

    rectoperineal: duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, pancreas, rectum

  • describe digestive process

    ingestion( mouth, propolsion ( movement of food) paristalis is the breaking down of the food in increments like relaxing and squeezing of alimentary canal. mechanical breakdown prepares food for chemical breakdown.

  • discribe the mouth, teeth, tongue and salivary glands

    mouth is where food is formed into bolus its made of strat squamous epithelium

    teeth aid in tearing up the food

    tongue aids in machanical digestion helps taste

    salivary glands produce saliva and that helps moisen to bind together food into bolus

  • discribe the pharynx and epithelium

    oropharynx and laropharynx are passages for food and air strat squamous epithelium

  • describe the esophagus, what sphincter is at the end of it

    the esophagus is a long muscular tube that pushes food down into he stomach, it has stratified squamous epithelium and at he end where it joins the stomach there is a cardiac sphincter. the sphincter helps keep stomach acid out of the esophagus

  • function of stomach, cells there and rugae, epithelium

    the stomach turns food into chyme and the secretion of pepsin begins protein digestion.

    perial cells secrete HCI. HCI reacts with pepsinogen to form pepsin, the active form of the enzyme

    simple columnar epithelium. in the gastric glands there are neck cells that secret special mucus. there are also chief cells that secret pepsinogen and periatal cells

    enteroendocrine cells that secret hormones that help prepare the stomach for food

  • function of the small intestine

    absorption

    there are villi and microvilli to help maximize surface area for absorption

  • large intestine

    absorption of water and electrolytes

    has a lot of goblet cells to secret mucus to help feces move along

  • liver, 4 lobes, what does it produce

    largest gland in body, produces bile, its green, the four lobes are the right and left lobe, the quadrate and cuadate lobe

  • what's the gallbladder

    stores bile and puts it to the duodenum

    the cystic duct leads from the gallbladder joins witht he common hepatic ducts to bring bile into he duodenum

  • pancreas

    has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

    endocrine: produces insuline and glucagon which regulates blood sugar. pancreatic islets

    exocrine: produces most enzymes that digest food intot he small intestine. acinar cells make stor and secrete the pancreatic enzyme

  • messentaries where they are located

    dorsal mesenteries: greater omentum ( the connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall) the transverse mesocolon in place, and connects sigmoid mesocolon to posterior pelvic wall

    There is ventral messentaries that holds the falciform ligiment the binds teh anterior part of the liver to anterior part of the abdominal wall. lesser omentum attaches the liver to hte lesser curvature of the stomach