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Ch 10 Quiz Power Point A+P I

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  • What is all muscle tissues one basic function?

    To generate force (muscle tension)

  • What are 3 types of muscle tissue in the body?

    1. Cardiac Muscle Tissue

    2. Smooth Muscle Tissue

    3. Skeletal Muscle Tissue

  • What are the 5 properties of cardiac muscles?

    1. Located in cardiac tissue

    2. Striated in appearance

    3. Involuntary Control

    4. Single central nucleus

    5. Intercalated discs with gap junctions/desmosomes

  • Cardiac Muscle tissue has more _______ and ________.

    Sarcoplasm

    Mitochondria

  • Which muscle has more calcium allowing it to contract 10-15 times longer than skeletal tissue

    Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  • Involuntary built-in rhythm which functions as a pacemaker to initiate the cardiac cycle

    Autothythmicity

  • What are the 4 properties of smooth muscle tissue?

    1. Not Striated

    2. Involuntary

    3. (Visceral) Lines hallow organs and blood vessels

    4. (Multiunit) Individual fibers

  • What muscle tissue does the Calcium move slowly out of the cell (longer presence of calcium in the cell)?

    Smooth Muscle Tissue

  • Smooth muscle fibers can stretch considerably without developing tension (can change pressure)

    Useful for maintaining blood pressure

    Stress-Relaxation Response

  • What are the 5 properties of skeletal muscle tissue?

    1. attaches to bone, skin, or fascia

    2. striated

    3. Multinucleated cells

    4. contractions are voluntary

    5. fibers are formed by fusion of many embryonic myoblasts giving each fiber multiple nuclei

  • What causes skeletal muscle tissue to be striated?

    due to alternating light and dark bands of protein within the cells

  • What is the purpose of skeletal muscle tissue? (5 things)

    1. Produce body movements

    2. Stabilizes body positions

    3. Regulates organ volumes

    4. Moves substances

    5. Produces heat

  • Both muscle & nerve tissues produce action potentials

    Excitability

  • Ability to shorten and generate force

    Contractility

  • Ability to be stretched without damaging the tissue

    Extensibility

  • Ability to return to original shape after being stretched

    Elasticity

  • extends from tendon and surrounds entire muscle

    Epimysium

  • Deep to epimysium; surrounds bundles (fascicles) of 10-100 muscle cell/fibers

    Perimysium

  • Separates individual muscle cells

    Endomysium

  • Plasma membrane surrounding muscle cells

    Sarcolemma

  • cytoplasm of muscle cell

    Sarcoplasm

  • Similar to ER

    Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

  • Contains many mitochondria for ATP production

    Also contains myoglobin and myofibrils

    Sarcoplasm

  • Forms web-like network surrounding myofibrils

    Houses Calcium

    Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

  • A protein within the sarcoplasm that stores O2 for ATP production and aerobic respiration

    Gives muscles their red color

    Myoglobin

  • 100s-1000s of tiny threads that run parallel through muscle fibers

    Made up of bundles of specialized proteins; allow for contraction (contractile proteins)

    Myofibrils

  • Contractile elements of skeletal muscle

    Made up of thick and thin filaments

    Myofibrils

  • Thick and thin filaments are called

    myofilaments

  • What are the 3 types of proteins that can be found in myofibrils

    1. Contractile Proteins

    2. Regulatory Proteins

    3. Structural Proteins

  • Which protein generates tension?

    Contractile Proteins

  • Which protein dictates when a fiber may contract?

    Regulatory Proteins

  • Which protein maintains proper myofilament alignment and fiber stability?

    Structural Proteins

  • What are the 3 types of myofilaments called?

    1. Thick Filaments

    2. Thin Filaments

    3. Elastic Filaments

  • What type of myofilament is contractile protein?

    Thick Filaments

  • What type of myofilament is structural protein?

    Elastic Filament

  • What is thick filament made up of?

    Myosin

  • What is the thin filament made up of?

    Actin (contractile), Tropomyosin and troponin (regulatory)

  • What is Elastic filament made up of?

    Titin (stabilizes myofibril structure)

    Dystrophin (resists excessive stretching)

  • Sarcomeres are separated by _____

    Z discs

  • Zigzags of dense protein

    Z discs

  • What is the compartment between Z discs called?

    Sarcomeres

  • Deep inward extensions of sarcolemma; surround each myofibril

    Transverse Tubules (T tubules)

  • What is the function of Transverse Tubules?

    Carry muscle APs down into cell

  • Stores Calcium in a relaxed muscle

    release of calcium triggers muscle contrations

    Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

  • a motor protein helps convert ATP to a usable source of energy

    Myosin

  • Each head of myosin has active site that binds with _____

    Actin

  • Shaped like 2 twisted golf clubs heads and a tail

    myosin

  • Made up of actin, troponin, tropomyosin

    Thin Filaments

  • twist into a helix and contains myosin-binding sites where myosin heads can attach

    actin

  • Strands cover myosin-binding sites in relaxed muscle

    Tropomyosin

  • Small globular regulatory protein; holds tropomyosin in place; assists with turning contractions on and off

    Troponin

  • large-molecule protein responsible for much of the elasticity and extensibility of myofibrils

    Titin

  • Anchors thick filaments to the M line (center of sarcomere) and the Z disc

    Titin

  • The swiveling of the myosin heads pulling the thin filaments toward the M line (the center of the sarcomere)

    Sliding Filament Mechanism

  • the swiveling of myosin heads pulling the actin toward the M line (ATP hydrolyzed)

    Power Stroke

  • area in which nerve and muscle meet

    they do not touch

    Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

  • Small space between where the nerve and muscle meet in Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

    Synaptic Cleft

  • swelling of the axon terminals

    Synaptic end bulbs