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Ch 10 Quiz Power Point A+P I Part 2

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  • A muscle fibers resting membrane potential (RMP) (charge)

    -70 mV

  • Electrical gradient can therefore be referred to as an electrical potential which is a _____

    Membrane Potential

  • ions cannot diffuse through lipid component of plasma membrane; must rely on specific protein channels

    Ion Channels

  • Always open; continuously allow ions to flow down concentration gradients between cytosol and ECF

    Leak Channels

  • closed at rest; open in response to specific stimulus

    Gated Channels

  • Open in response to binding of specific chemical or bind to a specific receptor

    Ligand-gated channels

  • open in response to changes in voltage across membrane

    Voltage-gated channels

  • open or close in response to mechanical stimulation (pressure, stretch, or vibration)

    Mechanically-gated channels

  • when sodium rushes into the cell

    Depolarization

  • potassium ions leave the cell causing it to rest

    Repolarization

  • 3 sources of ATP Production

    1. Creatine Phosphate

    2. Aerobic Respiration (requires O2)

    3. Anaerobic Respiration (does not require O2)

  • One motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates

    Motor Unit

  • As greater force is required more motor units must be stimulated known as _____

    Recruitment

  • baseline level of involuntary activation of motor units by brain and spinal cord

    Muscle tone

  • Muscle can't respond and has lost its excitability

    5 msec for skeletal and 300 msec for cardiac muscle

    Refractory Period

  • Partial relaxation between stimuli

    Unfused tetanus

  • a sustained contraction with no relaxation between stimuli

    Fused Tetanus

  • no movement occurs

    muscles don't shorten they tense

    Isometric contraction

  • movement occurs

    muscle shortens

    Isotonic contraction

  • a muscle shortens to produce force and movement

    Concentric contraction

  • a muscle lengthens while maintaining force and movement

    eccentric contraction

  • Two main classes of skeletal muscle fibers and their speed

    Type I (slow)

    Type II (fast)

  • Slow twitch, more mitochondria, higher levels of myoglobin

    Type I fibers

  • Fast twitch, less mitochondria, lower levels of myoglobin

    Type II fibers