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Ch. 7-8 Quiz Power Point A&P I

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  • What are the 2 skeleton systems?

    Axial Skeleton

    Appendicular Skeleton

  • What bones does the Axial skeleton contain?

    Skull

    Vertebral Column

    Thoracic Cage

  • What bones does the Appendicular skeleton contain?

    Pectoral girdle

    Upper limb

    Pelvic girdle

    Lower limb

  • How many bones are in the Axial skeleton?

    80 Bones

  • How many bones are in the Appendicular skeleton?

    126 Bones

  • The body's axis

    Axial skeleton

  • The bones of extremities and their girdles

    Appendicular skeleton

  • What are three functions of joints?

    1. Enable movement

    2. Provide stability

    3. allow long bones to lengthen

  • No movement between articulating bones

    Synarthrosis

  • Small amount of movement between bones

    Amphiarthrosis

  • Freely moveable, wide variety of specific movements

    Diarthrosis

  • How many bones is the human body composed of?

    206

  • Junction where two or more bones or cartilage meet

    Joint

  • What are the three functional classifications of joints?

    1. Synarthrosis

    2. Amphiarthrosis

    3. Diarthrosis

  • What are three types of structural classifications of joints?

    1. Fibrous Joints

    2. Cartilaginous Joints

    3. Synovial Joints

  • What functional classification are Fibrous joints?

    Synarthrosis

    Amphiarthroses

  • What functional classification are Cartilaginous joints?

    Synarthrosis

    Amphiarthroses

  • What functional classification are Synovial joints?

    ALL diarthrosis

  • Held together by dense connective tissue without joint space between articulating bones

    Fibrous Joints

  • Held together with cartilage without joint space

    Cartilaginous Joints

  • Have a layer of hyaline cartilage on articulating surface of each bone

    Joint space is fluid-filled cavity between articulating bones

    Synovial Joints

  • Space between articulating bones

    Synovial Cavity

  • Inner layer that lines entire inner surface except where hyaline cartilage is present

    Cells secrete synovial fluid

    Synovial membrane

  • Thick liquid with 3 main functions

    Synovial Fluid

  • What are the 3 main functions of synovial fluid?

    1. Lubrication

    2. Transportation

    3. Shock Absorption

  • Thin layer of hyaline cartilage; covers all exposed articulating bones within joint

    Articular Cartilage

  • Provides a smooth surface that reduces friction

    Articular cartilage

  • relies on synovial fluid for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal

    Avascular

  • What joint classification allows more mobility but less stability than other joint types?

    Synovial Joints

  • Dense connective tissue that links one bone to another

    Ligament

  • Dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or muscle to muscle

    Tendon

  • Provide stabilization forces in high stress regions

    Bursae and tendon sheaths

  • Synovial fluid-filled fibrous structure; minimizes friction between moving parts of the joint

    Bursa

  • Long Bursa; surrounds tendons; protects tendons as they slide across joint

    Tendon Sheath

  • Inflammation of bursa

    Bursitis

  • Inflammation of one or more joints

    Arthritis

  • What are three common types of arthritis?

    1. Osteoarthritis

    2. Rheumatoid arthritis

    3. Gouty arthritis

  • What are the 4 general types of movement at synovial joints?

    1. Gliding movements

    2. Angular Movements

    3. Rotation

    4. Special Movements

  • decreases angle between bones

    Flexion

  • Increases angle between bones

    Extension

  • Extension beyond anatomical position

    Hyperextension

  • Motion of body part away from midline of the body

    Abduction

  • Motion of body part toward the midline of the body

    Adduction

  • Freely moveable, distal end moves in cone-shaped motion (circular)

    Circumduction

  • Thumb to move across palmar surface of hand

    Opposition

  • moves body part in inferior direction

    Depression

  • moves body part in inferior direction

    Elevation

  • moves body part in anterior direction

    Protraction

  • moves body part in posterior direction

    Retraction

  • Plantar surface of feet face each other

    Inversion

  • Plantar surface of feet face outward

    Eversion

  • angle between foot and leg decreases

    Dorsiflexion

  • angle between foot and leg increases

    Plantarflexion

  • laying on back or palm facing upward

    Supination

  • Laying on stomach or palm facing downward

    Pronation

  • What joints have the greatest range of motion

    Ball-n-Socket joint (hip and shoulder)

  • Very stable hinge joint

    Elbow

  • What is the most complex joint of the body?

    How many joints does it have?

    Knee Joint

    3 Joints