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Ch. 9 Quiz Power Point A&P I

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  • What three things are skeletal muscles made up of?

    1. Blood Vessels

    2. Nerves

    3. Connective Tissue

  • Each individual muscle cell is surrounded by _____ (thin connective tissue layer)

    Endomysium

  • Most superficial connective tissue sheath

    Fascia

  • Bundles of muscle cells

    Fascicles

  • Strap like muscle; evenly spaced fascicles; muscle and tendon are same width

    Parallel

  • Broad triangular-shaped muscle that tapers down into single tendon

    Convergent

  • surround body openings; provide voluntary control over defecation and urination

    Circular

  • muscle midsection is thicker than each tapered end

    Fusiform

  • Pennate variation; fascicles attached to both sides of associated tendon

    Bipennate

  • Pennate variation; fascicles only attached to one side of associated tendon

    Unipennate

  • Fascicles attach to tendon at an angle; feather-like appearance

    Pennate

  • groups of muscle fibers or fascicles that contract painfully and will not relax

    Muscle knots

  • Provide most force for given muscle action

    Agonists

  • Usually on opposite side of bones and joint where they meet

    allows for modulation and control of agonist movement

    Antagonists

  • Aid agonists by supplying supplemental force, minimizing unwanted movement; help stabilize joints; provide for efficient movement

    Synergists

  • Provide stabilizing force that anchors bone; provides movement efficiency and protection from injury due to unnecessary movements

    Fixators

  • Anchoring Point on bone, attached at the non-movable bone

    Origin

  • Moving end of muscle at the end that moves the bone

    Insertion

  • What are the 3 components of the Lever System

    1. Load (Resistance)

    2. Force (moves the load)

    3. Fulcrum (Pivot Point)

  • Fulcrum sits between load and applied force; load moves in opposite direction than applied force

    First-class Lever (seesaw)

  • Fulcrum is at one end of the lever, applied force is near the other end; load is somewhere in-between; load moves in same direction as applied force

    Second-class Lever (Dolly)

  • Fulcrum and applied force are close to one another at same end of lever; load is near other end; load moved in same direction as applied force

    Third-class Lever (Tongs)

  • Placing the fulcrum close to the load allows a large load to be moved with a smaller force

    Mechanical advantage

  • Placing the fulcrum farther from the load requires a greater force to move the load

    Mechanical Disadvantage