Backch7 pt3
Terms in this set (34)
scapula bone features
-spine
-acromion
-coracoid process
-suprascapular notch
30 bones that form the skeletal framework of each upper limb
-arm: humerus-largest and longest bone of the upper limb
-forearm: radius and ulna
-hand: 8 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm, 14 phalanges in the fingers
arm bone features
-head
-anatomical neck
-greater tubercle
-surgical neck
-deltoid tuberosity
-radial groove
-trochlea-distal ball-like condyle
-capitulum
-medial and lateral epicondyles
-medial and lateral supracondyles ridges
-fossae: coronoid, olecranon, and radial
forearm
two parallel bones form forearm skeleton: ulna and radius
-proximal ends articulate with humerus and each other
-distally articulate with each other at the radioulnar joint
-interossesous membrane connects radius and ulna along their entire length
ulna
-medial bone in forearm
-forms major portion of elbow joint with humerus
-bone features
-olecranon and coronoid processes: grip trochlea of humerus, forming hinge joint
-processes separated by trochlear notch
-radial notch
-ulnar notch
-ulnar styloid process
radius
lateral bone in forearm
bone features:
-head
-radial tuberosity
-ulnar notch
-radial styloid process
hand
bones of the hand include carpus, metacarpus, phalanges
carpus (wrist)
eight bones in two rows
-proximal row: lateral to medial
>scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
-distal row: lateral to medial
>trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
metacarpus (palm)
-five metacarpal bones (I to V from thumb to little finger) form the palm
>bases articulate with carpals, and heads articulate with proximal phalanges
phalanges (fingers)
fingers (digits): numbered I to V starting at thumb
-Digit I (pollex) has two bones: no middle phalanx
-Digits II to V have three bones: distal, middle, and proximal phalanx
the pelvic girdle
called the hip girdle
-formed by 2 hip bones (coxal bones) and sacrum
-attach lower limbs to axial skeleton with strong ligaments
-transmit weight of upper body to lower limbs
-less mobility but more stability than shoulder joint
three fused bones form coxal bone
-illium, ischium and pubis
-deep socket, acetabulum, formed at point of fusion recieves head of femur
-illium: superior region of coxal bone
-ischium: posteroinferior part of hip bone
-pubis: anterior portion of the hip bone, pubis joint at pubis symphysis joint
ilium pt1
-superior region of hip bone
-consists of body and winglike ala
-illiac crests: tickened superior margin
-illiac crest ends at anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine
-greater sciatic notch: sciatic nerve passage
-gluteal surface: posterior, anterior, inferior gluteal lines
ilium pt2
-iliac fossa: concavity on ala
-auricular surface with sacrum
-arcuate line: defines pelvic brim
ischium
-posteroinferior part of hip bone
-consists of body and trauma
-three important markings:
1.ischial spine
2. lesser sciatic notch
3. ischial tuberosity
pubis
-v-shaped anterior portion of hip bone
-consists of the body and superior and inferior pubic rami
-anterior border forms the pubic crest
-lateral end forms pubic tubercle
-obturator foramen: large opening formed by rami and body
-pubic bones join at pubic symphysis
-pubic arch (subpublic angle)
pelvic
formed by hip bones, sacrum, coccyx
-female pelvis tends to be wider, shallower and rounder
-pelvic brim- continuous oval ridge that runs from pubic crest through arcuate line and sacral promontory
-false pelvis: superior to pelvic brim
-true pelvis: inferior to pelvic brim; defines birth canal
pelvic outlet
inferior margin of true pelvis
the lower limb
-carries entire weight of erect body
-three segments of lower limb
1. thigh
2. leg
3. foot
femur
-is the largest and strongest bone in the body, making up about one-fourth of person's height
-articulates proximally with acetabulum of hip and distally with tibia and patella
patella
sesamoid bone in quadriceps tendon that protects knee joint
thigh pt 1
bone features
-fovea capitis: small pit in ball-like head
-greater and lesser trochanters: muscle attachment sites, trochanters connected by intertrochantric line and intertrochanteric crest
-gluteal tuberosity blends into linea aspera, which diverges into medial and later supracondylar lines
thigh pt 2
-distally, femur ends in lateral and medial condyles that articulate with tibia
-medial and later epicondyles
-adductor tubercle
-patellar surface
-intercondylar fossa
leg
made up of tibia and fibula
-connected by interosseous
tibia
medial leg bone that receives weight of body from femur, transmits to foot
fibula
-not weight bearing; no articulation with femur
-several muscles originate from fibula
-articulates proximally and distally with tibia
tibia features
-medial and lateral condyles
-intercondylar eminence
-tibial tuberosity
-anterior border
-medial malleolus
-fibular notch
fibia features
-head
-lateral malleolus
foot
includes of bones of tarsus, metatarus, and phalanges
tarsus
-7 tarsal bones form posterior half
-body weight carried primarily by talus and calcaneus (heel)
-calcaneal tuberosity
-sustentacular tail (talar shelf)
-cuboid, navicular, medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform
metatarsals
-five bones (I to V from hallux to little toe)
enlarged head of metatarsal I forms "ball of foot"
phalanges (toes)
-14 bones
-digit I (hallux, great toe) : has two bones; no middle
-digits II to V have three bones: distal, middle, and proximal
arches of the foot
maintained by interlocking foot bones, ligaments and tendone
-allow foot to bear weight
3 arches:
lateral longitudinal - low curve that elevates lateral part of foot
medial longitudinal-arch curves upwards
transverse-runs obliquely from one side of foot to other
infant skull
infant skull has more bones than adult skull
-skull bones such as mandible and frontal bones are unfused
-skull bones connected by fontanelles
-4 fontanelles-anterior, posterior, mastoid, sphenoid