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Chapter 11

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  • Efferent

    Motor Organ: Convey's impulses from the CNS TO effecter organs. Two types: Somatic (voluntary) conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Automatic (involuntary) conduct impulses from CNS to smooth, cardiac muscles and glands.

  • Afferent division

    somatic fibers skin, skeletal muscles, and joints.

    Visceral fibers/organs

  • Astrocytes

    -most abundant and versatile

    -connected by gap junctions

    -helps with capillary exchange, guidance for young neurons, chemical environment control, and release.

    - Neurotransmitters, neural functioning, brain processing.

  • Satellite Cells

    Surrounds each neuron with cell body. may have functions similar to astrocytes for PNS.

  • Schwann Cells

    -surrounds all nerve fibers in the PHS

    -forms myelin sheaths

    -important for damage PN fibers.

  • Microglial Cells

    -touch nearby neuron to monitor health

    -transform into a special type of macrophage for protection.

  • Ependymal Cells

    -Line central cavities of brain and spinal cord.

    -Produces cerebrospinal fluid

    - Has cilia that helps circulate fluid

  • Oligodendrocytes

    Wrap processes around the fibers to produce an insulation

    Insulation covering = Myelin Sheath

  • Axon Hillock

    Axon area that is closest to the cell body.