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CHAPTER 11

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  • GLIA-ASTROCYTE

    • Support and brace nuerons

    • exhanging between capillaries

    • control chemoical environment around nuerons

    • respond to nerve imulses and nuerotransitter

  • GLIA- ASTROCYTE

    • Abundant and versatile

    • Cling to neurons, synaptic ending and capillaries

  • MICROGLIA

    • SMALL THRONY OVOID CELLS

    • MIGRATE TOWARDS INJURED NEURONS

    • CAN TRANSFORM PHAGOCYTZE MICROCROORGANISM AND NEURAL DEBRIS

  • EPENDYMAL CELLS

    • COLUMUNAR OR SQUAMOS

    • CILIATED

    • LINES BETWEEN THE CENTRAL CAVITIES OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL COLOUMN

    • ITS PERMEBALE BARRIES BWTEEN CSF AND CNS FLUID

  • OLIGODENDROCYTES

    • BRANCHED

    • WRAP NERVE FIBERS FORMIMG MYLINSHEAT

    • IT SPEEDS UP CONDUCTIONS FROM 10 -150

  • SATELLITE

    • FUNCTIONS SIMILAR TO THE ASTROCYTES

    • SURROUND NEURON CELL BODYS IN THE PNS

  • SCHWANN

    • SURROUND PNF AND FORM MYLIEN SHEATHS

    • VITAL TO REGENERATION OF DAMAGED PNF

  • MYELIN SHEATH

    MADE OF PROTIEN LIPID

    • PROTECT AND INULATE THE AXON

    • SPEEDS UP NERVE INPULSE TRANSMISSION

  • MYELINATED FIBERS

    SEGMENTED SHEATHS ROUNDS THE LONG AXON

  • MYELIN SHEATH GAPS

    THE GAP BETWEEN SHCWANN CELLS

    AXON COLLATTERAL EMERGES

  • NO MYELINATED FIBERS

    THIN FIBERS NOT WRAPPED IN MYELIN SURROUNDED BY SCHWANN CELLS

  • NUERONS

    ARE STURCTURAL UNITS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

    LASTES A PERSON LIFE TIME

  • DENDRITES- INPUT PROJECTIONS

    • CONVEY INCOMING MESSAGES TO THE CELL BODY

    • SHORT TAPERING DIFFUSELY BRANCHED PROCESSES

  • AXON

    • THE CONDUCTING REGION OF THE NEURON

    • AXON QUICKLY DECAY

    • GENERATE AND TRANSMIT ALONG THE AXOLEMMA

  • NEURON - MULTIPOLAR STRUCTURAL

    • MULTIPOLAR - THREE OR MORE PROCESSES

    • (MOST COMMON AND MAJOR TYPE OF NEURON IN CNS)

  • NEURON- BIPOLAR

    • TWO PROCESS ONE AXON AND ONE DENDRITE

    • RARE FOUND IN THE EYE AND EAR

  • NERURON- UNIPOLAR

    • ONE T LIKE PROCESS TWO AXONS

    • FOUND MAINLY IN THE PNS

    • CENTRAL PROCESS ENTERS THE CNS

    • DISTAL PROCESS GOES TO THE SENSORY RECEPTORS

  • NEURON - SENSORY FUNCTIONAL

    • TRANSMIT IMPULSES FRO M THE SENREC OF THE CNS

    • UNIPOLAR

    • FOUND IN THE GANGLIA OF THE PNS

  • NEURON- MOTOR

    • CARRY IMPULSES FROM THE CNS TO THE EFECTORS

    • MULTIPOLAR AND FOUND IN THE CNS

  • INTERNEURONS

    • LIE BETWEEN MOTOR AND SENSORY NEURONS

    • 99% OF THE BODY IS MADE UP OF IT

    • IT CARRIES SIGNALS TO THE CNAS PATHWAYS

  • SYNAPESES

    FUNCTIONS CONNECTIONS

    VARY BASED ON LOCATION AND FUCNTION

  • SYNAPTIC TRANSMS]ISSION

    • RESTING K OUT BASELINE

    • ESPS NA+ IN BEFORE SPIKE

    • DEPOLARIZATION NA+ MOVING FAST IN UP

    • REPOLARIZATION K+ OUT DOWN

    • HYPERPOLARIZATION K+OUT DOWN

  • ACTION POTENTIAL

    BREIF CHNAGE IN MEMBRANE POTENTIALS NA IN AND K OUT

  • SYANPTIC DELAY

    THE TIME NEEDED FOR NERUTRANSMITTERS TO BE RELASED

    BIND TO RECEPTORS

  • EPSP

    • EXCITATORY POST SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

    • SODIUM ENTERS PS NEURON

    • TRIGGERS ACTION POTENTIAL IOF EPSP OF THRESHOLD

  • IPSP

    • IHIBTATORY POST SYNAPTIC POETENTIAL

    • POTASSIUM OPENS CHANNEL CHLORIDE ENTERS PS NUERON

    • PREVENTS ACTION POTENTIAL

  • TEMPORAL SUMMATION

    • TIME

    • PRESYNAPTIC NEURON TRANSMITT IMPULSES IN RAPID FIRING ORDER

    • SOMEONE SHOUING FIRE FIRE FIRE OVER AND OVER AGAIN

  • SPATIAL SUMMATION

    • SPACE

    • POST SYNAPTIC NEURONS STIMULATED BY LARGE GROUPE SIMULTANEOUSLY

    • ITS LIKE A GROUP PF PEOPLE SHOUTNG FIRE ALL AT ONCE

  • G PROTEIN

    • NOT ION CHANNELS

    • SLOW AND INDIRECT