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Chapter 13

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  • senseory receptor

    se3pcielaized to respond to stimuli

  • CLASSFICATION OF STIMULUS

    • TYPES OF STIMULUS

    • BODY LOCATION

    • STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY

  • MECHANORECPETORS

    TOUCH PRESSURE VIBRATION AND STRETCH

  • THERMORECPTORS

    SENSITVE TO CHANGE IN TEMP

  • PHOTORECPETOR

    RESPONS TO LIGHT ENEGERY

  • CHEMORECEPTORS

    RESPONDS TO CHEMICAL

  • NOCICEPTORS

    PAIN CAUSING STIMULUS

  • nonencapsulated receptors

    • Simple receptors (no capsule)

    • Detect: pain, temperature, light touch

    • Types:

      • Nociceptors → pain

      • Merkel discs → light touch

        Hair follicle receptors → hair movement

  • sensory adaptation

    • response to constant stimulus

    • Receptors become less sensitive

    Types:

    • Phasic (fast) → respond at start/end (touch, smell)

    • Tonic (slow) → constant response (pain, proprioception)

  • Key facts about spinal nerves

    • 31 pairs, all mixed (motor + sensory)

    • Regions:

      • 8 cervical

      • 12 thoracic

      • 5 lumbar

      • 5 sacral

      • 1 coccygeal

  • Difference between dorsal & ventral roots

    • Ventral root → motor (efferent)

    • Dorsal root → sensory (afferent)

    • Join → form spinal nerve

  • What are encapsulated receptors?

    • Covered in connective tissue

    • Mostly mechanoreceptors

  • Levels of sensory processing

    1. Receptor level → detects stimulus

    2. Circuit level → spinal cord pathways

    3. Perceptual level → brain interprets

  • Difference between visceral & referred pain

    • Visceral pain:

      • From organs

      • Vague, aching, burning

    • Referred pain:

      • Felt in different area

      • Example: heart → left arm