Skip to main content
Back

Chapter 6

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/53

  • -Blast means

    embryonic or formative cell

  • Hema- means

    Blood

  • -clast means

    means one that breaks or destroys

  • oste- means

    Bone

  • peri- means

    around or enclosing

  • a disease in which bones lose mass and strength, becoming brittle. osteoporosis

    osteoporosis

  • Blood cells are formed by the process ofHematopoiesis

    Hematopoiesis

  • Calcium is released by the action of ...... ,which break down bone matrix.

    osteoclasts

  • .... are cells that build bone matrix

    Osteoblasts

  • The connective tissue membrane that encloses a bone is the

    Periosteum

  • Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?

    the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

  • Which description of skeletal cartilage is INCORRECT?

    .

    Costal cartilages reinforce airways and support the external nose.

  • Bones do NOT have a role in __________.

    glycogen production

  • The main role of the axial skeleton is to help us manipulate our environment.

    False

  • Sharp, slender, often pointed projection.

    Spine

  • Round or oval opening through a bone

    Foramen

  • Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

    Facet

  • Rounded articular projection.

    Condyle

  • Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process.

    Trochanter

  • The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

    Osteoblast

  • The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________.

    Blood vessels and nerve fibers

  • true or false In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain red bone marrow.

    True

  • What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

    hyaline cartilage

  • Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

    epiphyseal plate

  • The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.

    appositional growth

  • What is intramembranous ossification?

    the formation of bone from within fibrous membranes

  • Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

    parathyroid hormone

  • Wolff's law is concerned with ________.

    the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

  • Which hormone is NOT matched with its correct function?

    calcitonin; increases blood calcium levels

  • Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling?

    glucagon

  • An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children.

    Green stick

  • Bone is crushed

    compression

  • Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force.

    Spiral

  • Which of the following are correctly matched?

    open (compound) fracture; the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin

  • The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is __________.

    hematoma formation, soft callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling

  • Your patient is returning for follow-up 6 weeks after sustaining a nondisplaced fracture of his radius. He tells you that his forearm is no longer painful, but he is concerned that he can palpate a "lump" in the bone at the site of the healing fracture. What is your response?

    "That bump is a normal part of bone healing at this stage. As your body completes the process, the cells in your bone will gradually remodel it to its previous shape."

  • Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women?

    estrogen deficiency due to menopause

  • Which of the following is a bone disorder characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption?

    Padget's disease

  • You are counseling a patient with osteoporosis about strategies for avoiding fractures. Which of the following comments would

    NOT be appropriate?

    "You should avoid weight-bearing exercise and strength training because these types of exercise will further weaken your bones."

  • Which of the following refers to a bone disorder found most often in the aged and resulting in the bones becoming porous and light?

    osteoporosis

  • At what age do bones reach their peak density?

    early adulthood

  • Which event precedes all others during endochondral ossification?

    A cartilage model of the bone is formed.

  • Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.

    bone formation

  • At an archeological site you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification.

    long

  • Which of the following statements regarding the skeleton is INCORRECT?

    The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs.

  • Which statement regarding osteons is FALSE?

    Osteons are found in all bone tissues

  • Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?

    thigh bone of an elderly individual

  • Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

    Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

  • In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.

    temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses

  • true or false The collagen fibers of the osteoid make the overall bone matrix stronger by allowing it to resist bending and twisting forces.

    True

  • True or False Hematopoiesis occurs in the yellow bone marrow of certain bones.

    False

  • Which of the following cells are NOT correctly matched with their function?

    osteocytes; produce new bone-forming cells

  • What controls bone remodeling?

    mechanical stress and hormones