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Chapter 6

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  • How many bones does the human body have?

    206 & Cartilage

  • Major Functions of the bone are in what order?

    -Protect soft organs

    • Protect Soft Organs

    • Store Fat and Cat2

    • Act as levers for muscles

    • Support the body

    • Produce blood cells

    It goes in order from

    1) Support the Body

    2) Protect Soft organs

    3) Produce Blood cells

    4) Store fat and cat2

    5) Act as Levers

  • Which bones are shaped like rods, and are typically arm & leg bones

    Long Bones

  • Which bones are shaped like cubes and are typically in wrist bones & ankle bones

    Short bones

  • Which bones are slightly curved and are typically correlated with the ribs, sternum, and cranial bones.

    Flat Bones

  • Which bones make up the pelvis and facial bones that are considered "not flat"

    Irregular Bones

  • Which bones develop inside a tendon and varies in number? like the patella...

    Sesamoid Bones

  • What type of bone has the appearance of scaffolding inside and reduces weight?

    Spongy Bone

  • Which bone looks Solid and is optimized for strength and hardness

    Compact Bone

  • This is a connective tissue from bone that covers the outside surface of bone....it also has 2 layers which are what?

    Periosteum

    Fibrous Layer - Superficial layer

    Osteogenic Layer - Lines bone outer Surface

  • This connective tissue lines all surfaces of bone and has the same composition as osteogenic layer.

    Endosteum

  • Which type of marrow forms blood cells and found only in SPONGY BONE in adults

    Red Marrow

  • Which marrow is a fat storage and is a primary marrow type in adults.

    Yellow Marrow

  • Long bones consist of two Ends. What is the name of the WIDER end of the long bone.

    Epiphysis: Wider end of the long bone.

  • What is the name of the shaft (middle segment) of the bone.

    Diaphysis

  • What is the name of the space inside the Diaphysis, that contains yellow marrow.

    Medullary Cavity

  • Bones contains blood vessels and nerves. What is the name of the small hole for blood vessels and nerves?

    Nutrient Foramen

  • _____ brings blood INTO the medullary cavity through the nutrient foramen.

    Nutrient Artery

    The "Art" of drawing with blood

  • _____ Carries blood OUT of the bone.

    Nutrient Vein

  • The extra cellular matrix of bones has 2 basic components. based on the definition below Which component is it?

    • ca2 + phosphate

    Inorganic Matrix

  • The extra cellular matrix of bones has 2 basic components. based on the definition below Which component is it?

    • Collagen Fibers & Ground substance

    • 1/3 Bones Mass

    • Flexible but strong

    Organic Matrix

  • If a bone is brittle and breaks easily it most likely requires...

    Collagen or organic Matrix

  • If a bone is flexible and bends easily it most likely requires...

    CA2 or inorganic matrix

  • Regarding Osseous tissue...

    which cells has the role of making progeny,

    Known as the STEM cells, of the periosteum and endosteum

    Osteoprogenitors

  • Which cells secrete bone matrix?

    The "Blasts Build"

    Osteoblasts

  • Which cells Maintain the matrix?

    also known as the Cytes

    or the Mature Cells

    Osteocytes

  • Which cells break down the matrix for remodeling?

    They CUT down for it to be build back up.

    They arise from white blood cells

    Osteoclasts

  • Osteon is composed of 3 segments....

    One Segment contains Blood vessels and nerves which is the...

    Central Canal

  • Osteon is composed of 3 segments....

    One segment has concentric RINGS of matrix

    "Looks like a building tower"

    Lamellae

  • Osteon is composed of 3 segments....

    One segment has chambers that contain osteocytes

    Lacunae

    "never LACking osteocytes"

  • Regarding Canals

    This canal is at the center of the Osteon,

    Parallel to the Length of the bone

    Central Canal

  • Perpendicular to Central Canals

    Connect the central canal to other blood vessels and nerves.

    Perforating Canals

  • Goes in ALL directions

    communicates and transports between osteocytes

    Canaliculi

  • Arrangement of Lamellae gives bones STRENGTH in multiple directions.

    Within the Lamella

    if the direction of the collagen is in the SAME direction does the strength increase or decrease?

    The strength increases

  • Between Adjacent Lamellae

    if the direction of the collage was in an ALTERNATE direction what is the effect?

    The Resist twists

  • What is the name of the "small rods" or "struts" in spongy bone?

    Trabeculae

  • Spongy bone is sometimes called what?

    Trabecular bone or Cancellous bone.