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Chapter 6 Power Point A&P I

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  • What is the skeletal system made of?

    Bones

    Joints

    Associated Supporting Tissues

  • What are the main organs of the skeletal system?

    Bones

  • Bones are made up of what tissue?

    Osseous Tissue

  • What are the six functions of the skeletal system?

    Protection

    Mineral Storage and Acid-base homeostasis

    Blood Cell Formation

    Fat Storage

    Movement

    Support

  • What bones provide protection to underlying organs?

    Skull

    Sternum

    Ribs

    Pelvis

  • What marrow do bones house?

    Red Bone Marrow

  • What is Hematopoiesis?

    Blood cell formation

  • What is yellow bone marrow?

    Made of fat cells (adipocytes)

    Stores triglycerides

  • What are the 5 classes of bones?

    Long Bones

    Short Bones

    Flat Bones

    Irregular Bones

    Sesamoid bones

  • What is the structure of a long bone?

    Periosteum

    Diaphysis

    Epiphysis

    Medullary Cavity

    Endosteum

    Epiphyseal Lines

  • What is the membrane that surrounds the bone?

    Periosteum

  • What is the shaft of a long bone called?

    Diaphysis

  • What are the ends of a long bone called?

    Epiphysis

  • What is the Epiphysis covered with?

    Hyaline Cartilage (articular cartilage)

  • What is the purpose of hyaline cartilage?

    Absorb shock

    Provide smooth surface

    Reduce friction

  • What is the center of the diaphysis called?

    Medullary Cavity

  • What does the type of bone marrow does the Medullary cavity contain?

    Yellow bone marrow

  • What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity called?

    Endosteum

  • What line separates the proximal and distal epiphyses from the diaphysis?

    Epiphyseal Lines

  • What is the line of hyaline cartilage found in developing bones called?

    Epiphyseal plate

  • What is the bone tissue that is hard and allows bone to resist stresses?

    Compact Bone

  • Unit of compact bone tissue

    Osteons

  • What are two types of bone tissue?

    Compact Bone

    Spongy Bone

  • What is the bone tissue that lines compact bone and provides cavity for bone marrow

    Spongy Bone

  • Unit of spongy bone

    Trabeculae

  • Short, Flat, Irregular, and Sesamoid bones do NOT have what?

    Diaphysis

    Epiphyses

  • Reduces the weight of the bone

    Sinuses

  • Bones are rich of what?

    Nerves

    Blood Supply

  • Bone tissue is composed mostly of what?

    Extracellular Matrix

  • What are two types of extracellular matrix?

    Inorganic Matrix

    Organic Matrix

  • Mostly made up of hydroxyapatite crystal (calcium and phosphorus salts)

    Makes bones strong and resistant to compression

    Makes up 65% of bone's total weight

    Inorganic Matrix

  • Consists of collagen fibers and usual ECM components

    Makes up 35% of bone's total weight

    Organic Matrix

  • Most abundant protein in the body that gives bones strength and flexibility

    Collagen

  • What are four types of bone cells?

    Osteogenic

    Osteoblasts

    Osteocytes

    Osteoclasts

  • Osteogenic Cells

    Flattened cells

    turn into osteoblasts when stimulated by specific chemical signals

  • Osteoblast Cells

    Immature bone cells

    lay down bone matrix (collagen)

    Perform bone Deposition

  • Osteocyte Cells

    Mature Bone cells

    Maintain bone extracellular matrix

  • Osteoclast Cells

    responsible for bone resorption

    use enzymes to break down bone matrix

  • The process of bone formation

    Ossification

  • What are the two types of Ossification?

    Intramembranous Ossification

    Endochondral Ossification

  • Intramembranous Ossification are built on model made of _______, and form many ____ bones and _____ and _____.

    Membrane of Embryonic Connective Tissue

    Flat

    Skull

    Clavicles

  • Endochondral Ossification are built on model made of _______, and form _______ bones.

    Hyaline Cartilage

    All remaining

  • Incomplete ossification is called

    Fontanels

  • Bones grow in length by _____

    Longitudinal growth (epiphyseal plate)

  • Bones grow in width by _____

    Appositional Growth (no epiphyseal plate)

  • Continuous process of bone formation and loss

    Bone Remodeling

  • When new bone is formed it is called _____

    bone deposition

  • When old bone is removed it is called _____

    bone resorption

  • Skin and tissue around fracture remain intact

    Simple fracture

  • Bone protrudes through the skin and tissues

    Compound fracture

  • What are the four steps in bone repair?

    1. Hematoma forms

    2. Forms soft Callus

    3. Osteoblasts build bony callus (Hard Callus)

    4. Bony Callus is remodeled

  • Which bone stops growing last in the human body?

    Clavicle

  • Which of the following is not a characteristic of compact bone?

    Is the site of hemopoiesis