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Lab 8 Integumentary System

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  • Keratinocytes

    Produce keratin; start in stratum basale migrate up

  • Keratin

    Fibrous protein that protects, toughens, and waterproofs skin

  • Melanocytes

    Found in Stratum Basale; produce Melanin

  • Melanin

    Dark pigment that protects from UV Rays

  • Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel)

    In Stratum Basale; function as sensory receptor for touch using disc-like sensory nerve ending

  • Dendritic Cells (Langerhan)

    Made in bone marrow then migrate to epidermis; help immune response

  • Melanosome Transfer

    Means in which melanin is transferred from Melanocytes to Keratinocytes

  • Sun Tan

    Increased production of Melanin in response to sun exposure

  • Freckles

    Small flat spots on the skin caused by concentrated melanin

  • Stratum Basale

    Single cell basement layer; produces new cells via mitosis

  • Epidermal Peg

    Downward projections that interlock with dermal papillae; Function: structural support

  • Stratum Spinosum

    Function: keratinocyte maturation; several layers of cells

  • Stratum Granulosum

    Function: site of keratinization; epidermal cells die at this layer and beyond

  • Stratum Lucidum

    Only in thick skin; function: keratinohyaline granules attach to keratin filaments forming tonofilaments; 2-3 rows

  • Stratum Corneum

    Function: provide protection and make skin waterproof; top layer; 20-30 cell layers

  • Papillary Dermis

    highly vascularized, made of areolar connective tissue; has dermal papillae

  • Basement Membrane

    Specialized thin layer of extracellular matrix; provides structural support

  • Dermal Papillae

    Contain pain & touch receptors; Function: structural support, nutrient exchange & sensory perception

  • Reticular Dermis

    Coarse, dense irregular connective tissue; function: provides structural support

  • Cutaneous plexus

    Is between reticular layer and hypodermis; the location where blood vessels nourish the Dermis

  • Hypodermis

    composed of adipose tissue & areolar connective tissue; Function: fat storage & anchor skin to underlying tissue

  • Friction Ridges

    create our finger prints; form during fetal development

  • Cleavage Lines

    Natural patterns of tension in the skin; determined by the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis

  • Flexure Lines

    Deep creased formed by skin folding over joints

  • Sudoriferous Glands

    Function: regulate body temperature

    Location: everywhere except nipples and genitalia

  • Sebaceous Glands

    Function: secrete sebum into hair follicles

    Location: everywhere except thick skin

  • Meissner's Corpuscle

    Function: detect touch, pressure

    Location: papillary layer of dermis

  • Lamellar Corpuscle

    Function: detect deep pressure and high frequency vibrations

    Location: deep in the dermis, sometimes in subcutaneous tissue

  • Hair Root: Medulla

    center with large cells and air spaces

  • Hair Root: Cortex

    surrounds the medulla and made of several layers of flattened cells

  • Hair Root: Cuticle

    provides strength and helps keep the inner layers tightly compacted

  • Hair shaft

    provides protection and sensory input

  • Hair Follicle Wall

    Protective barrier for the hair shaft; 3 layers

  • Internal Epithelial Root Sheath

    protect the hair shaft and shape hair shaft as it grows

  • External Epithelial Root Sheath

    protect hair shaft and shape hair shaft as it grows

  • Connective Tissue Root Sheath

    Provide protective barrier and support for hair follicle

  • Hair papillae

    Supplies nutrients to growing hair and signals growth

  • Arrector Pilli Muscle

    make hair stan upright, smooth muscles

  • Eccrine Sudoriferous Gland

    secrete sweat to outside of the skin; simple coiled tubular

  • Apocrine Sudoriferous Gland

    secretes sweat + fatty substances & proteins; start working @ puberty; in axillary and anogenital regions

  • Sebaceous Gland

    secretes sebum, holocrine, everywhere but thick skin; secrete to hair follicles; simple alveoli branched

  • Meissner's Corupuscle

    sensitivity to low-frequency vibrations and soft touch; in the papillary dermis

  • Lamellar Corpuscle

    detect deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations; deep in the dermis, sometimes in subcutaneous tissue

  • Hair Root Plexus

    responsible for detecting touch sensations and environments disturbances

  • What causes goosebumps?

    arrector pilli triggered by cold, strong emotions, or sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

  • Sebaceous gland function?

    produce and secrete sebum, an oily substance, that lubricates, protects, and maintains the health of skin and hair

  • Difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?

    Apocrine glands are larger than eccrine glands; and connected to hair follicles; branched simple alveoli. Eccrine glands are simple coiled tubular glands.

  • What mode of secretion is used by eccrine and apocrine glands?

    Eccrine uses exocytosis; Apocrine uses apocrine secretion

  • What is the function of Meissner's Corpuscles

    Meissner's corpuscles detect low-frequency vibrations and flutter

  • What is the function of Lamellar Corpuscles?

    Lamellar corpuscles detect deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations