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Parts of the cell

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  • Cell Membrane

    The cell membrane provides mechanical support that facilities the shape of the cell while enclosing the cell and its components from the external environment.

  • Nucleus

    The control center of the cell, containing DNA organized into chromosomes. It regulates gene expression, cell growth, and division.

  • Nucleolus

    Located inside the nucleus, it synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits

  • Ribosomes

    Non-membranous organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth

    Lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough

    Studded with ribosomes; synthesizes and processes proteins.

  • Golgi Apparatus

    Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

  • Mitochondria

    Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell, they generate ATP through cellular respiration and regulate energy metabolism

  • lysosomes

    Contain digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules, old organelles, and pathogens

  • Peroxisomes

    Detoxify harmful substances and metabolize fatty acids

  • Cytoskeleton

    Composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules; provides structural support, facilitates intracellular transport, and enables cell movement

  • Centrioles

    Involved in organizing microtubules during cell division in animal cells

  • Vacuoles

    Storage organelles for water, nutrients, and waste; large central vacuoles in plant cells maintain turgor pressure

  • Cilia and Flagella

    Hair-like structures that aid in cell movement or the movement of substances across the cell surface