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respitory

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  • what are the structures are passes through from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs

    External nares (Nostrils)- nasal cavity (Nasal conchae)-nasopharynx-oropharynx- laryngopharynx- epiglottis- larynx-trachae- primary bronchi- secondary bronchi- tertiary bronchi-smaller bronchi- bronchioles- terminal bronchioles- respitory bronchioles-> aveolar ducts-> aveolar sac-> alveoli

  • what structures are in the conducting zone and the raspatory zone

    the respitory zone are teh respitory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and the alveolu. everything else is the conducting zone

  • what structures help protect the respitory system from foreign matter? how so?

    Ciliated pseudostratified epithelia and mucus ( secreted by goblet cells in the mucosa) help trap foreign matter by it sticking tot he mucus and away from the lungs into the esophugus by cilia

  • what are the paranasal sinuses and what are the nasal conchae

    paranasal sinuses are hollow cavities that open tinto the nasal cavity and they help warm and moisten the inhaled air

    nasal conchae are large ridges in the nasal cavity they filter, heat , and moisten incoming air and help reclaim heat and moisture during exhalation, and deal with foreign mater

  • 3 regions of the pharynx and where do they start and end

    nasopharynx- superior to where food enters. air passageway. pseudostratified columnar ET. closed off while swollowing

    oropharynx- posterior to the oral cavity. air food passageway. stratified squamous ET.

    laryngopharynx- passageway for food and air continues with he esophagus

  • describe the larynx

    its the voice box. attached to hyoid bone. the trachea is inferior to it.

  • describe the trachea. what are its rings made of? what muscle is in it and why? what epithelium lines it and what does it do?

    its made of stacked C shaped cartilage rings to keep airways open. it has a muscle called the trachealis that has some give when the esophagus is being used. it is lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

  • describe alveoli

    walls of alveoli consist of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells (type 1 alveolar cells) covered by cobwebs of pulmonary capillaries.

    the alveoli and capillary walls plus their fused basal lamina form the respatory membrane

  • what is a surfactant

    secreted by type 2 alveolar cells. it reduces surface tension within the alveoli to prevent collapse

  • describe the pleura

    double layered sac surrounding each lung (serosa) they help divide the thoracic cavity into the pleura and mediastinum