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Set #7 Foot Bones & Articulations in Anatomy & Physiology

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  • Medial malleolus
    A large downward projection at the medial distal end of the tibia forming the inner ankle bump.
  • Fibula
    The stick-like lateral bone of the lower leg running parallel to the tibia; does not bear weight.
  • Fibular head
    The slightly expanded proximal end of the fibula that articulates with the lateral side of the tibia.
  • Fibular shaft
    The long, slender, twisted main body of the fibula bone.
  • Lateral malleolus
    The arrowhead-shaped distal tip expansion of the fibula forming the outer ankle bump.
  • Tarsals
    The 7 bones that form the ankle and posterior foot skeleton.
  • Calcaneus
    The heel bone; the largest and strongest of the tarsal bones.
  • Talus
    The second-largest tarsal bone; sits superiorly on top of the calcaneus and articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint.
  • Navicular
    A boat-shaped tarsal bone located on the medial side of the foot, directly anterior to the talus.
  • Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral cuneiforms
    Three wedge-shaped tarsal bones arranged side-by-side behind metatarsals I, II, and III.
  • Cuboid
    A cube-shaped tarsal bone on the lateral side of the foot, positioned anterior to the calcaneus.
  • Metatarsals (I–V)
    The 5 long bones forming the instep/sole of the foot, numbered I through V starting with the big toe side.
  • Cranial sutures
    Immovable fibrous joints (synarthroses) located exclusively in the skull, uniting the flat cranial bones together.
  • Dento-alveolar joints
    Fibrous joints (gomphoses) where the roots of teeth anchor into the alveolar sockets of the maxillae and mandible.
  • Temporomandibular joints (TMJ)
    Combined hinge and planar synovial joints articulating the condylar process of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
  • Atlanto-occipital joint
    Condylar synovial joints at the skull base, articulating occipital condyles with vertebra C1; allows nodding "yes."
  • Atlanto-axial joint
    Pivot synovial joint between the dens of vertebra C2 and anterior arch of C1; allows shaking the head "no."
  • Sternocostal 1 joint
    An immovable cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis) anchoring the first costal cartilage to the manubrium of the sternum.
  • Sternocostal 2-7 joints
    Planar synovial joints articulating costal cartilages 2 through 7 with the body of the sternum.
  • Intervertebral joints
    Amphiarthrotic cartilaginous joints (symphyses) joining adjacent vertebral bodies via fibrocartilaginous discs.
  • Sternoclavicular joints
    Shallow, saddle-shaped synovial joints articulating the sternal end of each clavicle with the manubrium.
  • Acromioclavicular joints
    Planar synovial joints at the shoulder peak, articulating the acromial end of the clavicle with the scapula's acromion.
  • Glenohumeral joints
    Multi-axial ball-and-socket synovial joints at the shoulder, articulating the humerus head with the scapula's glenoid cavity.
  • Humero-ulnar and Humero-radial joints
    Elbow joints: humero-ulnar is a hinge joint; humero-radial is a gliding/hinge joint between humerus and radius/ulna.
  • Radio-ulnar joints
    Pivot synovial joints in the forearm; proximal near elbow, distal near wrist, allowing forearm rotation.
  • First carpo-metacarpal joint
    Highly mobile saddle synovial joint at the thumb base, between trapezium carpal bone and Metacarpal I.
  • Sacroiliac joints
    Planar synovial/fibrous joints in the posterior pelvis, articulating sacrum and ilium auricular surfaces.
  • Pubic symphysis joint
    Slightly movable cartilaginous joint uniting left and right pubic bones via a fibrocartilage disc.
  • Coxal (Acetabulofemoral) joints
    Deep ball-and-socket synovial joints at the hip, articulating femur head with the acetabulum of the coxal bone.
  • Tibiofemoral joints
    Modified hinge synovial joints at the knee, articulating femoral condyles with tibial condyles.
  • Talocrural joints
    Hinge synovial joints forming the ankle, articulating distal tibia and fibula with the talus bone.
  • Anterior longitudinal ligament
    A broad fibrous band running vertically down the anterior surfaces of all vertebral bodies.
  • Posterior longitudinal ligament
    A narrow fibrous band running vertically inside the vertebral canal along the posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies.
  • Ligamentum nuchae
    A thick, elastic triangular ligament at the back of the neck from the external occipital protuberance to C7 spinous process.
  • Supraspinous ligament
    A cord-like fibrous band running vertically along the tips of vertebral spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum.