BackSkeletal System I - Anatomy & Physiology
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1/98BackSkip to main contentBackPosterior and base of cranium bone
Occipital bone Cheekbones
Zygomatic bones Forehead bone
Frontal bone Upper jawbone
Maxilla Bone just behind frontal bone, superior cranial surface
Parietal bone Butterfly-shaped bone, part of cranial base
Sphenoid bone Sides of skull above ear
Temporal bones Roof of nasal cavity bone
Ethmoid bone Lower jawbone
Mandible Suture between frontal and parietal bones
Coronal suture Suture between parietal bones
Sagittal suture Suture between parietal and occipital bones
Lambdoid suture Suture between temporal and parietal bones
Squamous suture What is hematopoiesis and where does it occur?
Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells, occurring in the red bone marrow within certain bones. Why does a trochanter exist on the femur?
A trochanter is a large, irregular process for muscle attachment, providing leverage instead of a smooth surface. Why do paraplegic patients have thin, weak leg bones?
Due to Wolff's law, bones weaken without mechanical stress from muscle use or weight bearing. Heel bone
Calcaneus Toes bones
Phalanges Kneecap bone
Patella Hand bones
Metacarpals Arm bone
Humerus Collar bones
Clavicles Leg bone
Tibia Thigh bone
Femur Opening in occipital bone
Foramen magnum Ankle bones
Tarsals Shoulder blade
Scapula Hip bones
Coxal bones Wrist bones
Carpals Forearm bone
Ulna Breastbone
Sternum Classify radius bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify sternum bone
Axial skeleton Classify occipital bone
Axial skeleton Classify coxal bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify patella bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify scapula bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify clavicle bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify thoracic vertebrae
Axial skeleton Classify femur bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify humerus bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify temporal bone
Axial skeleton Classify tibia bone
Appendicular skeleton Classify sacrum bone
Axial skeleton Classify frontal bone
Axial skeleton Bone shape of coxal bones
Irregular bones Bone shape of sphenoid
Irregular bone Bone shape of vertebrae
Irregular bones Bone shape of radius
Long bone Bone shape of parietal bone
Flat bone Bone shape of sternum
Flat bone Bone shape of scapula
Flat bone Bone shape of patella
Sesamoid bone Bone shape of carpals
Short bones Function of collagen in bone matrix
Provides flexibility and tensile strength Function of calcium in bone matrix
Provides hardness and resistance to compression Effect of lacking collagen in bone
Bones become brittle and prone to fracture Effect of lacking calcium in bone
Bones become soft and weak (osteomalacia) Function of osteogenic cells
Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts Function of osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells that secrete matrix Function of osteocytes
Mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix Function of osteoclasts
Bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue Type of bone in diaphysis wall
Compact bone Shaft of long bone
Diaphysis Ends of long bone
Epiphysis Covers ends of epiphysis of long bone
Articular cartilage Type of bone in interior of epiphysis
Spongy bone Membrane lining medullary cavity
Endosteum Membrane covering bone surface
Periosteum Within shaft of long bone, contains marrow
Medullary cavity Lattice-like pieces found in spongy bone
Trabeculae Bone develops from in intramembranous ossification
Mesenchymal membrane Bones formed by intramembranous ossification
Flat bones of skull and clavicles Bone develops from in endochondral ossification
Hyaline cartilage model Bones formed by endochondral ossification
Most bones of the skeleton, especially long bones Structure that transmits blood perpendicular to central canal
Volkmann's (perforating) canals Structural unit of compact bone
Osteon (Haversian system) Central canal function
Contains blood vessels and nerves running longitudinally Function of canaliculi
Connect osteocytes to each other and to central canal for nutrient exchange Mature bone cells in lacunae
Osteocytes First step of endochondral ossification
Formation of bone collar and blood vessels around cartilage model Step after bone collar formation in endochondral ossification
Hollow areas form and spread within cartilage Step after hollow areas form in endochondral ossification
Blood vessels invade cavity in diaphysis Step after blood vessels invade diaphysis
Elongation of diaphysis Final step of endochondral ossification
Ossification of epiphysis Closed fracture
Bone ends do not protrude through skin Open fracture
Bone protrudes through skin Greenstick fracture
Partial fracture where one side breaks and the other bends Colles' fracture
Fracture of distal radius Comminuted fracture
Bone splinters into more than two pieces Compression fracture
Bone is crushed, often causing stooped posture in elderly Spiral fracture
Caused by twisting of bone Difference between open and closed reduction
Open reduction involves surgical exposure; closed reduction is manipulation without surgery Difference between internal and external fixation
Internal fixation uses implants inside the body; external fixation uses external devices to stabilize bones Hormone released when blood calcium is low
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Function of PTH
Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and calcium absorption Hormone released when blood calcium is high
Calcitonin Function of calcitonin
Decreases blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts and promoting calcium deposition in bone
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