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The Skeleton - Anatomy & Physiology

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  • What are the two main divisions of the human skeleton?

    The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

  • What bones make up the axial skeleton?

    The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

  • What is the primary function of the skeleton?

    To provide support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

  • What type of tissue primarily composes bones?

    Osseous tissue, a type of connective tissue.

  • What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?

    Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy bone is porous and found inside bones.

  • What is the role of bone marrow?

    Bone marrow produces blood cells and stores fat.

  • Name the four types of bones based on shape.

    Long, short, flat, and irregular bones.

  • Give an example of a long bone.

    The femur (thigh bone).

  • Give an example of a flat bone.

    The sternum and skull bones.

  • What is the periosteum?

    A dense layer of connective tissue covering the outer surface of bones.

  • What is the function of osteocytes?

    Osteocytes maintain bone tissue.

  • What cells are responsible for bone formation?

    Osteoblasts build new bone.

  • What cells break down bone tissue?

    Osteoclasts resorb bone.

  • What is the vertebral column composed of?

    Individual bones called vertebrae stacked together.

  • How many vertebrae are in the adult human spine?

    Typically 33, including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae.

  • What is the function of the rib cage?

    Protects the heart and lungs and supports breathing.

  • What bones form the shoulder girdle?

    The clavicle and scapula.

  • What bones form the pelvic girdle?

    The hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis).

  • What is the function of joints in the skeleton?

    Allow movement and provide flexibility between bones.

  • Name the three types of joints based on movement.

    Fibrous (immovable), cartilaginous (slightly movable), and synovial (freely movable) joints.