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Ch. 19 Blood
Amerman - Human Anatomy & Physiology 2nd Edition
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksAmerman 2nd EditionCh. 19 BloodProblem 15
Chapter 19, Problem 15

Which of the following is not an anticlotting agent produced by endothelial cells?
a. Prostacyclin
b. Protein C
c. Antithrombin-III
d. Warfarin

Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Understand the role of endothelial cells in preventing blood clot formation. Endothelial cells line the blood vessels and produce various substances that act as anticoagulants to maintain smooth blood flow and prevent clot formation.
Step 2: Review the function of each option provided in the question: Prostacyclin, Protein C, Antithrombin-III, and Warfarin. Prostacyclin is produced by endothelial cells and inhibits platelet aggregation. Protein C is activated by thrombin and works as an anticoagulant. Antithrombin-III is also produced by endothelial cells and inhibits clotting factors.
Step 3: Identify Warfarin as a synthetic anticoagulant drug that is not naturally produced by endothelial cells. Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors but is administered externally as a medication.
Step 4: Compare the options and determine which one does not fit the category of anticlotting agents naturally produced by endothelial cells. Focus on the fact that Warfarin is a pharmaceutical agent, not a biological product of endothelial cells.
Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is the option that is not produced by endothelial cells, based on the analysis of the functions and origins of the substances listed.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Endothelial Cells

Endothelial cells line the blood vessels and play a crucial role in maintaining vascular health. They produce various substances that regulate blood flow, coagulation, and inflammation. Understanding their function is essential for identifying which substances are naturally produced by these cells, including anticlotting agents.
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Anticlotting Agents

Anticlotting agents are substances that prevent blood clot formation, thereby maintaining normal blood flow. Key examples include prostacyclin, protein C, and antithrombin-III, all of which are produced by endothelial cells. Recognizing these agents helps in distinguishing between those that are naturally occurring and those that are pharmacological.
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Warfarin

Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, thereby preventing clot formation. Unlike the other options listed, warfarin is not produced by endothelial cells but is administered externally to manage conditions like thrombosis. Understanding its role as a medication is crucial for answering the question.
Related Practice
Textbook Question

Number the steps of hemostasis in order, putting 1 by the first event, 2 by the second, and so on. 

____The intrinsic/contact activation and extrinsic/tissue factor pathways produce factor Xa. 

____The clot retracts. 

____Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and fibrin glues the plug together. 

____Platelets are activated, and the platelet plug forms. 

____Vasoconstriction and increased tissue pressure decrease blood flow through the vessel. 

____Tissue plasminogen activator activates plasmin, which degrades fibrin. 

____The common pathway produces thrombin.

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Textbook Question

Tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, and plasmin are important components of:

a. Coagulation

b. Fibrinolysis

c. Platelet plug formation

d. Hemostasis

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Textbook Question

How do the intrinsic/contact activation and extrinsic/tissue factor coagulation pathways differ? How are they similar?

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Textbook Question

The two most clinically important groups of antigens on erythrocytes are the ______ and ______ blood groups.

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Textbook Question

Which antigens does a person with blood type A− have on the surface of his or her erythrocytes?

a. A antigens

b. B antigens

c. Rh antigens

d. Both a and c are correct.

e. All of the above

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Textbook Question

What are the overall goals of the common pathway of coagulation?

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