Textbook Question
Explain the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond.
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Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 2, Problem 7
Describe what takes place during a chemical reaction.
Verified step by step guidance1
A chemical reaction begins when reactants interact with one another. Reactants are the starting substances in a chemical reaction, and they undergo changes to form new substances called products.
During the reaction, chemical bonds in the reactants are broken. This requires energy, which is often referred to as the activation energy of the reaction.
Once the bonds in the reactants are broken, atoms are rearranged to form new chemical bonds, resulting in the creation of products. This rearrangement follows the principle of conservation of mass, meaning no atoms are lost or gained, only rearranged.
Energy is either absorbed or released during the reaction. If the reaction releases energy, it is exothermic (e.g., heat is given off). If it absorbs energy, it is endothermic (e.g., heat is taken in).
The reaction reaches completion when all reactants are converted into products, or when the system reaches equilibrium, where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Reactants and Products
In a chemical reaction, reactants are the starting substances that undergo transformation, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction. The conversion of reactants to products involves breaking and forming chemical bonds, which alters the molecular structure and properties of the substances involved.
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Energy Changes
Chemical reactions often involve changes in energy, which can be either exothermic or endothermic. Exothermic reactions release energy, usually in the form of heat, while endothermic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings. Understanding these energy changes is crucial for predicting the behavior of reactions and their feasibility.
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Reaction Mechanism
The reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions that occur during a chemical reaction. It provides insight into how reactants are converted into products, including the formation of intermediates and the transition states. Analyzing the mechanism helps chemists understand the kinetics and dynamics of the reaction.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following molecules or compounds as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.
a. H2O _________
b. LiI _________
c. C10H22 _________
d. N2 _________
e. MgBr2 _________
f. H2S _________
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Textbook Question
An enzyme is a:
a. biological catalyst that increases the concentration of the products.
b. biological catalyst that increases the concentration of the reactants.
c. chemical that is used in a reaction, after which it can no longer be used by the cell.
d. biological catalyst that works by bringing its substrates closer to their transition states.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following would not result in an increase in reaction rate?
a. Increase in temperature
b. Particles in the solid phase
c. Presence of a catalyst
d. Smaller particle size
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Textbook Question
What are hydrogen bonds, and how do they form?
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Textbook Question
Match the following terms with the correct definition:
Endergonic reaction
Potential energy
Electrical energy
Anabolic reaction
Oxidation-reduction reaction
Chemical energy
Catabolic reaction
Kinetic energy
a. Energy in motion
b. Energy stored in chemical bonds
c. Reaction that consumes energy
d. A decomposition reaction
e. The energy of moving charged particles
f. Stored energy
g. Synthesis reaction
h. Reaction where electrons are transferred between reactants
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