Textbook Question
Mark the following statements about bone tissue as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The primary mineral in the inorganic matrix is hydroxyapatite.
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Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 6, Problem L3.2
Explain why young men who take anabolic steroids (which mimic the actions of testosterone) often display stunted growth and have an overall shorter stature.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that anabolic steroids mimic the actions of testosterone, a hormone that plays a key role in growth and development, particularly during puberty.
Recognize that testosterone stimulates the growth of bones by promoting the activity of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and increasing the length of long bones through the epiphyseal (growth) plates.
Learn that the epiphyseal plates are regions of cartilage at the ends of long bones that allow for bone elongation during growth. These plates eventually close (ossify) under the influence of sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen, marking the end of height increase.
Realize that taking anabolic steroids artificially elevates testosterone levels, which can accelerate the closure of the epiphyseal plates prematurely, halting further bone elongation and growth.
Conclude that the premature closure of the growth plates due to excessive testosterone levels results in stunted growth and a shorter overall stature in young men who take anabolic steroids.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that promote muscle growth and enhance physical performance. While they can increase muscle mass and strength, their misuse can lead to various health issues, including hormonal imbalances. In young men, the introduction of these steroids can disrupt normal growth processes, particularly during puberty.
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Catabolic & Anabolic Pathways
Growth Plate Closure
Growth plates, or epiphyseal plates, are areas of developing cartilage tissue located at the ends of long bones. They are responsible for bone growth in length. Anabolic steroids can accelerate the closure of these growth plates, leading to premature cessation of height increase, which results in stunted growth and shorter stature in young men.
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04:02Types of Genes Regulating Cell Growth
Hormonal Regulation
The endocrine system regulates growth and development through hormones, including testosterone. Anabolic steroids can disrupt the natural hormonal balance, leading to negative feedback mechanisms that inhibit the production of growth hormones. This disruption can further contribute to stunted growth and other developmental issues in adolescents.
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13:06Review of Major Hormones
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Explain the differences between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow.
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Textbook Question
Lucy Dupre is a 2-year-old girl living in northern Canada. You notice that her growth seems abnormally slow and she has exhibited signs of weakened bones, including fractures. Her parents admit they have not supplemented her diet with vitamin D, as they feel that any supplementation is 'unnatural' and 'not organic.' Explain why Lucy is having problems with her bones and bone growth.
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Textbook Question
It used to be common practice in surgical fracture repair to strip and remove the periosteum. Now, however, surgeons take great care to avoid damaging the periosteum. Explain why, and describe what would likely happen to bone healing with the periosteum missing.
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