Textbook Question
Why is visceral pain often perceived as cutaneous pain?
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Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology24
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life37
- Ch. 3 The Cell54
- Ch. 4 Histology46
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System35
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System41
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart28
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity41
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 13, Problem 7
A receptor potential:
a. Always leads to an action potential
b. Never leads to an action potential
c. Causes hyperpolarization of the neuron
d. Leads to an action potential if the stimulus is strong enough
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of a receptor potential: A receptor potential is a graded potential that occurs in sensory receptors in response to a stimulus. It is not an all-or-nothing event like an action potential, but rather its magnitude depends on the strength of the stimulus.
Recall the difference between graded potentials and action potentials: Graded potentials, such as receptor potentials, can vary in size and may or may not trigger an action potential. Action potentials, on the other hand, are all-or-nothing events that occur if the threshold is reached.
Analyze the conditions under which a receptor potential can lead to an action potential: If the receptor potential is strong enough to depolarize the membrane to the threshold level, it will trigger an action potential in the associated neuron.
Eliminate incorrect options: (a) is incorrect because a receptor potential does not always lead to an action potential. (b) is incorrect because a receptor potential can lead to an action potential under certain conditions. (c) is incorrect because receptor potentials can cause depolarization, not just hyperpolarization.
Select the correct answer: The correct option is (d) because a receptor potential leads to an action potential only if the stimulus is strong enough to depolarize the membrane to the threshold level.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Receptor Potential
A receptor potential is a graded change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor cell in response to a stimulus. This change can vary in magnitude depending on the strength of the stimulus, and it is crucial for converting external stimuli into electrical signals that the nervous system can interpret.
Recommended video:
2:47
Sensory Receptors
Action Potential
An action potential is a rapid, all-or-nothing electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron. It occurs when the membrane potential reaches a certain threshold, typically triggered by a strong enough receptor potential. This process is essential for the transmission of information within the nervous system.
Recommended video:
03:53Action Potential
Threshold Stimulus
A threshold stimulus is the minimum level of stimulus intensity required to trigger an action potential in a neuron. If the receptor potential generated by a stimulus exceeds this threshold, an action potential will be initiated, leading to the propagation of the signal along the neuron.
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4:35Transport Maximum (TM) & Renal Threshold
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which cranial nerves are (a) sensory only, (b) primarily motor, and (c) mixed?
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Textbook Question
First-order somatic sensory neurons are_____neurons whose cell bodies are located in the_____.
a. Multipolar, posterior horn
b. Pseudounipolar, posterior root ganglion
c. Bipolar, anterior horn
d. Pseudounipolar, posterior horn
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Textbook Question
First, write the Roman numeral that corresponds to each named cranial nerve (after the abbreviation CN). Second, match the cranial nerve with its correct function from the column on the right.
CN____
______Vestibulocochlear nerve
CN____
______Trigeminal nerve
CN____
_______Hypoglossal nerve
CN____
_______Abducens nerve
CN____
_______Vagus nerve
CN____
_______Olfactory nerve
CN____
_______Accessory nerve
CN____
_______Oculomotor nerve
CN____
_______Facial nerve
CN____
_______Optic nerve
CN____
_______Glossopharyngeal nerve
CN____
_______Trochlear nerve
a. Motor to the lateral rectus muscle
b. Motor to the muscles of facial expression; lacrimation; salivation; taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
c. Sense of smell
d. Motor to the muscles for swallowing; salivation; taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue; somatic sensation from the throat
e. Senses of hearing and equilibrium
f. Motor to the superior oblique muscle
g. Motor to the tongue
h. Motor to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
i. Sense of vision
j. Motor to muscles of swallowing and speaking; parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera; sense of taste from the throat
k. Sensory to the face; motor to the muscles of mastication
l. Motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscles; constricts the pupil; changes the shape of the lens; opens the eyelid
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Textbook Question
Tactile nerve endings, tactile corpuscles, bulbous corpuscles, and lamellated corpuscles are all types of:
a. Nociceptors
b. Mechanoreceptors
c. Photoreceptors
d. Chemoreceptors
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Textbook Question
Match the following nerves with the structures they innervate.
____Phrenic nerve
____Median nerve
____Femoral nerve
____Tibial nerve
____Radial nerve
____Intercostal nerves
____Common fibular nerve
____Musculocutaneous nerve
a. Motor to the triceps brachii muscle and muscles in the forearm that extend the hand; sensory from the posterior hand
b. Motor to the muscles in the anterior arm that flex the forearm; sensory from skin over the lateral forearm
c. Motor to the muscles in the anterior and lateral leg that evert and dorsiflex the foot; sensory from the skin of the anteroinferior leg
d. Motor to the diaphragm muscle
e. Motor to the muscles in the anterior thigh extend the knee; sensory from the skin over the anterior thigh and leg
f. Motor to the hamstring muscles that extend the thigh and flex the leg, muscles of the leg that plantarflex the foot, and muscles of the foot; sensory from the skin over the posterior and lateral leg and foot
g. Motor to the muscles between the ribs and the abdominal muscles; sensory from the skin over the abdomen
h. Motor to the muscles in the forearm that flex the hand, certain intrinsic hand muscles; sensory from the skin of the anterior hand
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