Textbook Question
Which six plexuses in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities innervate visceral organs, and what are the effects of sympathetic versus parasympathetic stimulation?
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Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order FunctionsProblem 17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order FunctionsProblem 17Chapter 16, Problem 17
Which four pairs of cranial nerves are associated with the cranial segment of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand that the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a cranial and a sacral component. The cranial component involves specific cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic fibers.
Step 2: Recall that the cranial parasympathetic fibers originate from four cranial nerves, which are responsible for innervating various glands and smooth muscles in the head and thoracic/abdominal organs.
Step 3: Identify the four cranial nerves involved: the oculomotor nerve (III), the facial nerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), and the vagus nerve (X). Each of these nerves carries parasympathetic fibers to specific target organs.
Step 4: Recognize the paired nature of cranial nerves, meaning each nerve has a left and right counterpart, so these four nerves represent four pairs associated with the cranial parasympathetic division.
Step 5: Summarize that the four pairs of cranial nerves associated with the cranial parasympathetic division of the ANS are cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System
The parasympathetic division is part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'rest and digest' functions. It conserves energy by slowing the heart rate, increasing digestive activities, and promoting glandular secretion. Understanding its role helps identify which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers.
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Parasympathetic Nervous System Example 1
Cranial Nerves and Their Functions
Cranial nerves are twelve pairs of nerves that emerge directly from the brain. Some of these nerves carry parasympathetic fibers that control various organs. Knowing the specific cranial nerves involved in parasympathetic innervation is essential to answer the question.
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Cranial Parasympathetic Outflow
The cranial parasympathetic outflow originates from four cranial nerve pairs: oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X). These nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to ganglia that regulate eye, salivary glands, heart, lungs, and digestive organs.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Dual innervation refers to situations in which
(a) Vital organs receive instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
(b) The atria and ventricles of the heart receive autonomic stimulation from the same nerves.
(c) Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers have similar effects.
(d) All of these are correct.
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Textbook Question
Damage to the hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, leads to
(a) A loss of emotion due to forgetfulness
(b) A loss of consciousness
(c) A loss of long-term memory
(d) An immediate loss of short-term memory
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Textbook Question
Which three collateral ganglia serve as origins for ganglionic neurons that innervate organs or tissues in the abdominopelvic region?
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Textbook Question
How does the emergence of sympathetic fibers from the spinal cord differ from the emergence of parasympathetic fibers?
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Textbook Question
What two distinctive results are produced by the stimulation of sympathetic ganglionic neurons?
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