Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Carbohydrates

Biochemistry

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Carbohydrates

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following functional groups is always present in all carbohydrates?

Phosphate group

Amino group

Aldehyde or ketone group

Carboxyl group

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. They are classified based on the presence of specific functional groups and the number of sugar units.

Identify the functional groups in carbohydrates: Carbohydrates always contain either an aldehyde group (-CHO) or a ketone group (C=O) as part of their structure. These groups are responsible for the classification of carbohydrates as aldoses (if they contain an aldehyde group) or ketoses (if they contain a ketone group).

Eliminate incorrect options: A phosphate group is not a defining feature of carbohydrates, as it is typically found in nucleotides or phosphorylated sugars. An amino group (-NH2) is characteristic of amino acids, not carbohydrates. A carboxyl group (-COOH) is found in organic acids, such as amino acids and fatty acids, but not in carbohydrates.

Focus on the correct functional groups: The aldehyde group (-CHO) is present in monosaccharides like glucose, while the ketone group (C=O) is present in monosaccharides like fructose. These groups are essential for the chemical reactivity and classification of carbohydrates.

Conclude that the correct answer is the aldehyde or ketone group, as these are the functional groups always present in all carbohydrates, distinguishing them from other biomolecules.