Multiple Choice
After an enzyme catalyzes a reaction and the product is released, what typically happens to the enzyme?
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6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
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How does an enzyme affect a chemical reaction?
A
It lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.
B
It permanently alters the substrate into a different enzyme.
C
It raises the activation energy, slowing down the reaction.
D
It increases the overall free energy change (\( \Delta G \)) of the reaction.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of enzymes in chemical reactions: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. They do not alter the overall free energy change (
) of the reaction.
Clarify the concept of activation energy: Activation energy is the minimum energy required for reactants to transform into products. Enzymes lower this energy barrier, making it easier for the reaction to occur.
Examine the enzyme-substrate interaction: Enzymes bind to specific substrates at their active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This interaction stabilizes the transition state and reduces the activation energy.
Address the incorrect options: Enzymes do not permanently alter themselves or the substrate into a different enzyme. They also do not raise the activation energy or increase the overall free energy change (
).
Conclude with the correct answer: The correct explanation is that enzymes lower the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed, facilitating faster reaction rates without being consumed in the process.
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