Optimal Enzyme Conditions quiz #1 Flashcards
Optimal Enzyme Conditions quiz #1
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Why do enzymes have specific optimal pH values, and how does deviation from this pH affect their activity?
Enzymes have specific optimal pH values because the charges of ionizable amino acids, especially those in the active site, are influenced by pH. Changes in pH can alter these charges, potentially hindering catalysis and disrupting protein structure, which may lead to denaturation and loss of enzyme activity. What are the approximate optimal pH values for pepsin and chymotrypsin, and how do these relate to their physiological environments?
Pepsin has an optimal pH of about 1.5, matching the acidic environment of the stomach, while chymotrypsin has an optimal pH of about 8, which suits the more basic conditions of the small intestine. How does temperature affect enzyme activity, and what are the optimal temperatures for human enzymes versus thermophilic bacterial enzymes?
Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to an optimal point, after which activity declines due to denaturation. Human enzymes have an optimal temperature around 37°C (body temperature), while thermophilic bacterial enzymes are optimized for much higher temperatures, around 77°C, reflecting their adaptation to hot environments. How does the evolution of enzymes reflect the environments in which organisms live?
Enzymes have evolved optimal pH and temperature conditions that match the environments of their host organisms, ensuring efficient catalysis and survival. For example, human enzymes function best at body temperature, while thermophilic bacterial enzymes are adapted to high temperatures found in hot springs. Why do enzymes have specific optimal pH values?
Enzymes have specific optimal pH values because the charges of ionizable amino acids, especially in the active site, are influenced by pH. Changes in pH can alter these charges, potentially hindering catalysis and disrupting protein structure. What can happen to an enzyme if the pH deviates significantly from its optimal value?
Significant deviation from optimal pH can cause the enzyme to denature, leading to loss of structure and enzyme activity. What are the approximate optimal pH values for pepsin and chymotrypsin?
Pepsin has an optimal pH of about 1.5, while chymotrypsin has an optimal pH of about 8. How do the optimal pH values of pepsin and chymotrypsin relate to their physiological environments?
Pepsin's optimal pH matches the acidic environment of the stomach, while chymotrypsin's optimal pH suits the more basic conditions of the small intestine. How does temperature affect enzyme activity, and what are the optimal temperatures for human and thermophilic bacterial enzymes?
Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to an optimal point, after which it declines due to denaturation. Human enzymes are optimal at about 37°C, while thermophilic bacterial enzymes are optimal at about 77°C. How does the evolution of enzymes reflect the environments in which organisms live?
Enzymes have evolved optimal pH and temperature conditions that match their host organisms' environments, ensuring efficient catalysis and survival. For example, human enzymes function best at body temperature, while thermophilic bacterial enzymes are adapted to high temperatures.
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