Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

43. Endocrine System

Endocrine System

General Biology

43. Endocrine System

Endocrine System

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2:20 minutes

Problem 1

Textbook Question

Which statement is accurate?
a. Hormones that differ in effect reach their target cells by different routes through the body.
b. Pairs of hormones that have the same effect are said to have antagonistic functions.
c. Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops.
d. Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs or cells, influencing various physiological processes.

Evaluate statement (A): Hormones travel through the bloodstream, so they do not take different routes to reach their target cells. All hormones use the circulatory system to reach their targets.

Evaluate statement (B): Antagonistic hormones have opposite effects, not the same. For example, insulin and glucagon are antagonistic because insulin lowers blood sugar levels while glucagon raises them.

Evaluate statement (C): Hormones are often regulated by feedback loops, which can be either negative or positive. Negative feedback loops help maintain homeostasis by reducing the output or activity of any organ or system back to its normal range of functioning.

Evaluate statement (D): Hormones of the same chemical class can have different functions. For example, steroid hormones include both sex hormones and corticosteroids, which have different roles in the body.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hormone Transport

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells. Regardless of their effect, hormones generally use the circulatory system to distribute throughout the body, rather than different routes. This ensures that they can reach distant organs and tissues efficiently.

Antagonistic Hormones

Antagonistic hormones are pairs of hormones that have opposite effects on the body. For example, insulin and glucagon are antagonistic hormones that regulate blood sugar levels; insulin decreases blood sugar, while glucagon increases it. This balance is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Feedback Loops in Hormone Regulation

Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops, which are mechanisms that maintain homeostasis by adjusting hormone levels. Negative feedback loops reduce the output or activity of a hormone when its effects are too strong, while positive feedback loops enhance the activity when needed. These loops ensure that hormone levels remain balanced and appropriate for the body's needs.