Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not a component of the translation machinery?
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15. Gene Expression
Introduction to Translation
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How does the initiation phase of translation differ between eukaryotic and bacterial species?
A
Eukaryotic initiation occurs in the cytoplasm, while bacterial initiation occurs in the nucleus.
B
Bacterial initiation uses a 3' cap structure, while eukaryotic initiation does not.
C
Eukaryotic initiation involves a 5' cap structure, while bacterial initiation involves a Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
D
Eukaryotic initiation requires a poly-A tail, while bacterial initiation does not.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the process of translation initiation, which is the first step in protein synthesis where the ribosome assembles around the target mRNA.
Recognize that in eukaryotes, translation initiation involves the recognition of the 5' cap structure on the mRNA by initiation factors, which helps recruit the ribosome to the mRNA.
In bacterial species, translation initiation involves the recognition of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, a purine-rich region on the mRNA, by the small ribosomal subunit, which aligns the ribosome with the start codon.
Note that eukaryotic mRNA also has a poly-A tail, but this is not directly involved in the initiation of translation; it plays a role in mRNA stability and export from the nucleus.
Contrast the locations: eukaryotic translation initiation occurs in the cytoplasm, while bacterial translation initiation occurs in the cytoplasm as well, not the nucleus.
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