Multiple Choice
Which type of transport across the plasma membrane involves the use of carrier proteins?
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6. The Membrane
Passive vs. Active Transport
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How is active transport different from facilitated diffusion?
A
Active transport moves substances down their concentration gradient, while facilitated diffusion moves them against it.
B
Active transport involves the movement of water molecules, while facilitated diffusion involves ions.
C
Active transport occurs only in animal cells, while facilitated diffusion occurs only in plant cells.
D
Active transport requires energy input, while facilitated diffusion does not.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the basic definitions: Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy, often in the form of ATP. Facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of molecules across the cell membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins, without the need for energy input.
Identify the concentration gradient: In active transport, substances move against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration), which requires energy. In facilitated diffusion, substances move down their concentration gradient (from high to low concentration), which does not require energy.
Consider the energy requirement: Active transport requires energy because it is moving substances against their natural flow, whereas facilitated diffusion does not require energy as it relies on the natural kinetic energy of molecules moving down their concentration gradient.
Examine the role of proteins: Both processes involve proteins, but in active transport, these proteins often act as pumps that require energy to function. In facilitated diffusion, proteins act as channels or carriers that allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane without energy input.
Clarify the types of molecules involved: Active transport can involve various molecules, including ions, nutrients, and other small molecules, while facilitated diffusion typically involves ions and small polar molecules that cannot easily pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
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