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Multiple Choice
Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is most directly associated with the uncontrolled cell division observed in cancer cells?
A
G2 phase
B
M phase (mitosis)
C
S phase
D
G1 phase
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the eukaryotic cell cycle: The cell cycle consists of four main phases: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2 (Gap 2), and M (Mitosis). Each phase has specific roles in cell growth and division.
Focus on the G1 phase: The G1 phase is the first gap phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. It is also the phase where the cell decides whether to proceed with division or enter a resting state (G0 phase).
Recognize the role of checkpoints: The G1 checkpoint (also called the restriction point) is critical for monitoring cell size, nutrient availability, and DNA integrity. If conditions are not favorable, the cell will not proceed to the S phase.
Connect to cancer: In cancer cells, the regulation of the G1 checkpoint is often disrupted. This leads to uncontrolled progression through the cell cycle, allowing cells to divide uncontrollably even when conditions are not ideal.
Conclude why G1 is most associated with cancer: Since the G1 phase is where the decision to divide is made and where many regulatory mechanisms are in place, its dysfunction is most directly associated with the uncontrolled cell division observed in cancer cells.