Multiple Choice
Which of the following best contrasts herbivores and carnivores?
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1. Introduction to Biology
Introduction to Taxonomy
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Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
A
Homologous structures are identical in appearance and function, whereas analogous structures are always different in both.
B
Homologous structures result from convergent evolution, while analogous structures result from divergent evolution.
C
Homologous structures are always found in plants, while analogous structures are only found in animals.
D
Homologous structures have a common evolutionary origin but may serve different functions, while analogous structures have different evolutionary origins but serve similar functions.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Begin by understanding the concept of homologous structures. These are anatomical features that share a common evolutionary origin, meaning they are derived from the same ancestral structure, even if they serve different functions in modern organisms. For example, the forelimbs of mammals like humans, bats, and whales are homologous structures.
Step 2: Next, understand the concept of analogous structures. These are anatomical features that serve similar functions but do not share a common evolutionary origin. Instead, they arise due to convergent evolution, where unrelated species develop similar traits to adapt to similar environments or challenges. For example, the wings of birds and insects are analogous structures.
Step 3: Compare homologous and analogous structures based on their evolutionary origins. Homologous structures result from divergent evolution, where species with a common ancestor evolve different traits to adapt to different environments. Analogous structures result from convergent evolution, where unrelated species independently evolve similar traits.
Step 4: Analyze the functional differences. Homologous structures may serve different functions despite their shared ancestry, while analogous structures serve similar functions despite their different evolutionary origins.
Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is: 'Homologous structures have a common evolutionary origin but may serve different functions, while analogous structures have different evolutionary origins but serve similar functions.' This explanation aligns with the definitions and examples provided.
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