Multiple Choice
Which sentence best describes the role of the Calvin cycle in a plant cell?
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9. Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle
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Which of the following correctly lists the stages of the Calvin cycle in the proper order?
A
Carbon fixation → Reduction → Regeneration of RuBP
B
Reduction → Carbon fixation → Regeneration of RuBP
C
Carbon fixation → Regeneration of RuBP → Reduction
D
Regeneration of RuBP → Carbon fixation → Reduction
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that the Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. It is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH.
The Calvin cycle consists of three main stages: Carbon fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate). These stages occur in a specific sequence to ensure the cycle functions properly.
In the first stage, Carbon fixation, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide (CO₂) into a 5-carbon sugar called RuBP, forming an unstable 6-carbon compound that quickly splits into two 3-carbon molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).
In the second stage, Reduction, ATP and NADPH (produced during the light-dependent reactions) are used to convert 3-PGA into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a 3-carbon sugar. This step involves the addition of energy and electrons.
In the third stage, Regeneration of RuBP, some of the G3P molecules are used to regenerate RuBP, allowing the cycle to continue. This step requires ATP and ensures that the Calvin cycle can proceed with the next round of carbon fixation.
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