Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

45. Nervous System

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

General Biology

45. Nervous System

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

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2:32 minutes

Problem 4

Textbook Question

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in
a. Emotional memory.
b. Hand-eye coordination.
c. Circadian rhythm.
d. Breath holding.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the function of the cerebral cortex: The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain, involved in higher brain functions such as thought, voluntary movement, language, reasoning, and perception.

Identify the options given in the problem: (A) emotional memory, (B) hand-eye coordination, (C) circadian rhythm, (D) breath holding.

Evaluate each option based on the known functions of the cerebral cortex: Emotional memory is associated with the cerebral cortex as it involves complex processing and storage of emotional experiences.

Consider the role of the cerebral cortex in hand-eye coordination: This involves the integration of sensory information and motor control, which are functions of the cerebral cortex.

Review the functions related to circadian rhythm and breath holding: These are primarily controlled by other parts of the brain, such as the hypothalamus for circadian rhythm and the brainstem for breath holding.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain, responsible for complex functions such as perception, thought, and decision-making. It is involved in processing sensory information and executing voluntary motor functions. Its role in emotional memory is significant, as it helps in storing and recalling emotional experiences.

Emotional Memory

Emotional memory refers to the ability to remember experiences that have an emotional component. The cerebral cortex, particularly the prefrontal cortex, works with the amygdala to encode and retrieve these memories. This process is crucial for learning from past experiences and making future decisions based on emotional context.

Circadian Rhythm

Circadian rhythm is the natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. It is influenced by external cues like light and temperature. While the cerebral cortex is not directly responsible for circadian rhythms, it processes information related to these cycles, which are primarily regulated by the hypothalamus.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

a. Increases heart rate

b. Enhances digestion

c. Triggers release of epinephrine

d. Causes conversion of glycogen to glucose

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Textbook Question

Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function?

a. Limbic system—motor control of speech

b. Medulla oblongata—homeostatic control

c. Cerebellum—coordination of movement and balance

d. Amygdala—emotional memory

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Textbook Question

Patients with damage to Wernicke's area have difficulty

a. Coordinating limb movement

b. Generating speech

c. Recognizing faces

d. Understanding language

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Textbook Question

Fill in the blanks to match some brain structures with their associated functions.

a. If the ___________ is severed, the right and left cerebral hemispheres cannot communicate.

b. The ___________ system helps store emotional memories.

c. Accounting for most of the weight of your brain is the highly folded ___________ ; it is the outer region of the ___________ .

d. The ___________ is responsible for hand-eye coordination.

e. The ___________ contains a cluster of neurons that function as the biological clock.

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Textbook Question

The cerebral cortex does not play a major role in

a. Short-term memory

b. Long-term memory

c. Circadian rhythm

d. Breath holding

1129

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Textbook Question

Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the formation of new memories?

a. Brainstem

b. Cerebellum

c. Frontal lobe

d. Hippocampus

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Textbook Question

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

a. The left frontal lobe

b. The right frontal lobe

c. The right parietal lobe

d. The corpus callosum

1088

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Textbook Question

Joe accidentally touched a hot pan. His arm jerked back, and an instant later, he felt a burning pain. How would you explain the fact that his arm moved before he felt the pain?

a. His limbic system blocked the pain momentarily, but the important pain signals eventually got through.

b. His response was a spinal cord reflex that occurred before the pain signals reached the brain.

c. Motor neurons are myelinated; sensory neurons are not. The signals traveled faster to his muscles.

d. This scenario is not actually possible. The brain must register pain before a person can react.

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The cerebral cortex plays a major role in a. Emotional memory. b. Hand-eye coordination. c. Circadian rhythm. d. Breath holding.

Key Concepts

Cerebral Cortex

Emotional Memory

Circadian Rhythm

Watch next

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in
a. Emotional memory.
b. Hand-eye coordination.
c. Circadian rhythm.
d. Breath holding.