Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a mechanism by which hormones exert their effects on target cells?
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10. Cell Signaling
Introduction to Cell Signaling
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Which pancreatic hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver?
A
Pancreatic polypeptide
B
Somatostatin
C
Insulin
D
Glucagon
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of the pancreas in regulating blood glucose levels. The pancreas produces hormones that help maintain glucose homeostasis in the body.
Identify the function of each hormone listed in the problem: Pancreatic polypeptide regulates pancreatic secretions, somatostatin inhibits the release of other hormones, and insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
Focus on glucagon, which is the hormone responsible for increasing blood glucose levels. It is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low.
Explain the mechanism of glucagon: It stimulates glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen into glucose) in the liver. This process releases glucose into the bloodstream, raising blood glucose levels.
Conclude that glucagon is the correct answer because it directly increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver.
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