Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

8. Respiration

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

General Biology

8. Respiration

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

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0:33 minutes

Problem 2

Textbook Question

A biochemist wanted to study how various substances were used in cellular respiration. In one experiment, she allowed a mouse to breathe air containing O₂ 'labeled' by a particular isotope. In the mouse, the labeled oxygen first showed up in
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. CO₂
d. H₂O

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by understanding the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). It involves several stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.

Step 2: Focus on the role of oxygen (O2) in cellular respiration. Oxygen is primarily used in the final stage, oxidative phosphorylation, where it acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. This process occurs in the mitochondria.

Step 3: Analyze what happens to oxygen during oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen combines with electrons and protons (H+) to form water (H2O). This is a critical step in maintaining the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain and enabling ATP production.

Step 4: Consider the labeled oxygen isotope. If the mouse breathes air containing labeled oxygen, the isotope will be incorporated into the water molecules produced during oxidative phosphorylation, as oxygen is directly involved in forming H2O.

Step 5: Eliminate the other options. ATP is synthesized during cellular respiration but does not directly incorporate oxygen. NADH is an electron carrier and does not involve oxygen incorporation. CO2 is produced during the citric acid cycle but originates from the carbon in glucose, not oxygen. Therefore, the labeled oxygen will first appear in H2O.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a metabolic process that converts biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and releases waste products. It involves several stages, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, where oxygen plays a crucial role as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Isotopes in Biological Research

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. In biological research, isotopes can be used as tracers to study metabolic processes, as they allow scientists to track the movement and transformation of substances within living organisms, such as the labeled oxygen in this experiment.

Products of Cellular Respiration

The main products of cellular respiration include ATP, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). During the process, glucose is oxidized, and oxygen is reduced, leading to the formation of CO2 and H2O as byproducts. Understanding these products is essential for determining how labeled oxygen would appear in the metabolic pathways of the mouse.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy

Based on the map of cellular respiration, why do we need to breathe in oxygen?

The function of cellular respiration is to __________.

Which of the following is a correct description of the events of cellular respiration in proper sequence?

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Textbook Question

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

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Textbook Question

If you were to expose cells that are undergoing aerobic respiration to a radioactive oxygen isotope in the form of O₂, which of the following molecules would you expect to be radiolabeled?

a. Pyruvate

b. Water

c. NADH

d. CO₂

Cellular respiration involves ________.

a. The aerobic metabolism of sugars in the mitochondria by a process called glycolysis.

b. An electron transport chain that releases carbon dioxide.

c. The synthesis of ATP, which is driven by the rushing of protons through an ATP synthase.

d. Electron carriers that bring electrons to the citric acid cycle; e. the production of water during the citric acid cycle.

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Textbook Question

The text claims that the evolution of an oxygen-rich atmosphere paved the way for increasingly efficient cellular respiration and higher growth rates in organisms. Explain.

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A biochemist wanted to study how various substances were used in cellular respiration. In one experiment, she allowed a mouse to breathe air containing O₂ 'labeled' by a particular isotope. In the mouse, the labeled oxygen first showed up in a. ATPb. NADHc. CO₂d. H₂O

Key Concepts

Cellular Respiration

Isotopes in Biological Research

Products of Cellular Respiration

Watch next

A biochemist wanted to study how various substances were used in cellular respiration. In one experiment, she allowed a mouse to breathe air containing O₂ 'labeled' by a particular isotope. In the mouse, the labeled oxygen first showed up in
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. CO₂
d. H₂O