Multiple Choice
Which of the following would least likely be a cause of natural selection?
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1. Introduction to Biology
Natural Selection and Evolution
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Which of the following best describes the main difference between primary and secondary succession in ecological communities?
A
Primary succession occurs on newly formed or exposed surfaces where no soil exists, while secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has left the soil intact.
B
Primary succession happens after a forest fire, while secondary succession occurs on volcanic lava flows.
C
Primary succession involves only animal colonization, whereas secondary succession involves only plant colonization.
D
Primary succession is faster than secondary succession because it starts with more nutrients.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of ecological succession: Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. It involves the gradual replacement of one community by another until a stable ecosystem is established.
Define primary succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where there is no pre-existing soil or vegetation, such as newly formed volcanic lava flows, bare rock exposed by glaciers, or areas left barren after a major geological event. The process begins with pioneer species like lichens and mosses that can colonize bare surfaces and contribute to soil formation.
Define secondary succession: Secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance (e.g., forest fire, flood, or human activity) has disrupted an existing ecosystem but left the soil intact. This process is faster than primary succession because the soil already contains nutrients and seeds, allowing plants to regrow more quickly.
Compare the two types of succession: The main difference is that primary succession starts from scratch on surfaces without soil, while secondary succession begins in areas where soil is already present. Primary succession is slower because it requires soil formation, whereas secondary succession can proceed more rapidly due to the presence of pre-existing soil and nutrients.
Evaluate the answer choices: Based on the definitions and comparisons, identify the correct description of the main difference between primary and secondary succession. Eliminate incorrect options that do not align with the scientific understanding of these processes.
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