Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

2. Chemistry

Hydrogen Bonding

General Biology

2. Chemistry

Hydrogen Bonding

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Multiple Choice

What type of interaction keeps the two complementary strands of a piece of DNA together?

Covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Van der Waals forces

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of DNA: DNA is composed of two complementary strands that form a double helix. These strands are made up of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Identify the nitrogenous bases: The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair specifically: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Learn about the type of bond between the bases: The two complementary strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases. Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds, while cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds.

Differentiate hydrogen bonds from other types of interactions: Hydrogen bonds are weak, non-covalent interactions that occur between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen). They are distinct from covalent bonds (strong bonds within molecules), ionic bonds (electrostatic attraction between charged particles), and Van der Waals forces (weak intermolecular forces).

Conclude why hydrogen bonds are ideal for DNA: Hydrogen bonds provide enough stability to hold the strands together while allowing them to separate during processes like replication and transcription, which is essential for the function of DNA.