Multiple Choice
Which two processes must work together to move water from the roots to the top of tall plants?
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37. Plant Sensation and Response
Plant Defenses
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Which of the following best exemplifies the ultimate in plant flexibility as a defense mechanism?
A
The presence of thorns and spines on stems
B
The development of deep root systems
C
The ability to alter gene expression in response to herbivore attack
D
The production of waxy cuticles on leaves
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the question: The problem is asking which plant defense mechanism demonstrates the ultimate flexibility. Flexibility here refers to the ability to adapt dynamically to environmental challenges, such as herbivore attacks.
Analyze the options: Review each option to determine whether it represents a static or dynamic defense mechanism. Static defenses, like thorns or waxy cuticles, are always present and do not change in response to specific threats. Dynamic defenses involve changes in response to specific stimuli.
Option 1: 'The presence of thorns and spines on stems' - This is a static defense mechanism because thorns and spines are always present and do not change in response to herbivores.
Option 2: 'The development of deep root systems' - This is related to resource acquisition and environmental adaptation, not a direct defense mechanism against herbivores.
Option 3: 'The ability to alter gene expression in response to herbivore attack' - This represents a dynamic and flexible defense mechanism, as the plant can change its gene expression to produce specific chemicals or proteins to deter herbivores. This is the ultimate example of flexibility. Option 4: 'The production of waxy cuticles on leaves' - This is a static defense mechanism, as the waxy cuticle is always present and does not change in response to herbivores.
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