Multiple Choice
In the context of primary succession, what role do lichens play?
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48. Ecology
Introduction to Ecology
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Which of these organisms is typically considered a pioneer species in primary succession?
A
Grasses
B
Shrubs
C
Lichens
D
Oak trees
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of primary succession: Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, such as bare rock or a newly formed volcanic island. Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize these areas.
Identify characteristics of pioneer species: Pioneer species are typically hardy organisms that can survive in harsh conditions with minimal resources. They often contribute to soil formation and pave the way for other species.
Examine the options given: Grasses, shrubs, lichens, and oak trees. Consider which of these can survive in bare rock environments and contribute to soil formation.
Recognize the role of lichens: Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They can grow on bare rock, secrete acids that break down the rock, and contribute to soil formation, making them ideal pioneer species.
Conclude that lichens are typically considered pioneer species in primary succession due to their ability to colonize bare rock and initiate soil development.
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