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Multiple Choice
How do homologous chromosomes differ from sister chromatids?
A
Homologous chromosomes are identical copies of a single chromosome, while sister chromatids are similar but not identical.
B
Homologous chromosomes are found only in prokaryotic cells, while sister chromatids are found in eukaryotic cells.
C
Homologous chromosomes are formed during mitosis, while sister chromatids are formed during meiosis.
D
Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical, containing alleles for the same genes, while sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome.
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the basic definitions: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry genes for the same traits, but they may have different alleles. Sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome, formed during DNA replication.
Recognize the context in which these structures appear: Homologous chromosomes are present in diploid organisms and are involved in processes like meiosis, where they pair up and exchange genetic material. Sister chromatids are formed during the S phase of the cell cycle in both mitosis and meiosis.
Distinguish between the genetic content: Homologous chromosomes can have different alleles for the same genes, meaning they are similar but not identical. Sister chromatids are exact copies of each other, having identical genetic information.
Identify the cellular processes: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over, which increases genetic diversity. In contrast, sister chromatids are separated during both mitosis and meiosis to ensure each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
Clarify the misconception: Homologous chromosomes are not identical copies of a single chromosome; they are similar but can have variations in alleles. Sister chromatids are indeed identical copies of a single chromosome, formed during DNA replication.