Multiple Choice
In the context of ecological succession, what are the first organisms to colonize a newly available area called?
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48. Ecology
Introduction to Ecology
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Which organisms are typically the first to colonize an area during primary succession?
A
Lichens and mosses
B
Trees and large plants
C
Grasses and shrubs
D
Herbivores and carnivores
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of primary succession: Primary succession occurs in an environment without existing soil, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat. The first organisms to colonize these areas are known as pioneer species.
Identify the characteristics of pioneer species: Pioneer species are typically hardy organisms that can survive in harsh conditions and contribute to soil formation. They often have the ability to grow on bare rock and help in breaking it down into soil.
Consider the role of lichens and mosses: Lichens and mosses are well-suited as pioneer species because they can grow on bare rock surfaces. Lichens, a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, can secrete acids that help break down rocks, contributing to soil formation.
Evaluate the other options: Trees and large plants, grasses and shrubs, and herbivores and carnivores are not typically the first organisms to colonize an area during primary succession. These organisms usually appear later, once soil has been established by pioneer species.
Conclude that lichens and mosses are the typical pioneer species in primary succession, as they are capable of initiating the soil formation process necessary for other plants and animals to eventually inhabit the area.
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