Textbook Question
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by ________.
a. Heating cells
b. Binding to substrates and placing stress on their bonds
c. Changing the shape of the cell
d. Supplying energy to the substrate
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7. Energy and Metabolism
Enzyme Binding Factors
Multiple Choice
What is meant by the "induced fit" of an enzyme?
A
The substrate can be altered so that it is induced to fit into the enzyme's active site.
B
The enzyme structure is altered so that it can be induced to fit many different types of substrate.
C
The presence of the substrate in solution induces the enzyme to slightly change its structure.
D
The shape of the active site is nearly perfect for specifically binding the enzyme's substrate or substrates.
E
The enzyme changes its shape slightly as the substrate binds to it.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of enzyme-substrate interaction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. They have specific regions called active sites where substrates bind.
Explore the 'lock and key' model: Initially, it was thought that the enzyme's active site was a perfect fit for the substrate, like a lock and key. However, this model does not account for the flexibility of enzymes.
Learn about the 'induced fit' model: This model suggests that the enzyme's active site is not a perfect fit initially. Instead, the binding of the substrate induces a conformational change in the enzyme, allowing a better fit.
Recognize the significance of induced fit: The induced fit model explains how enzymes can be highly specific yet flexible, accommodating slight variations in substrate structure and enhancing catalytic efficiency.
Apply the concept: When a substrate enters the active site, it causes the enzyme to change shape slightly, optimizing the interaction and facilitating the chemical reaction.
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