To study the effect of lipids on heart disease, researchers fed mice diets including cholesterol (Control), cholesterol with trans fatty acids (Trans), or cholesterol with cis fatty acids (Cis). After 8 weeks, they examined them for atherosclerosis—the narrowing of arteries that is a leading cause of heart attacks. Data from their observations of atherosclerotic lesions are provided below (* means 𝑃<0.05; see BioSkills 3). What do these data reveal concerning lipid structure and heart disease in mice?

Unsaturated fats

a. Have double bonds in their fatty acid chains

b. Have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule

c. Are associated with greater health risks than are saturated fats

d. Are more common in animals than in plants

Which of the following substances is a major component of the cell membrane of a fungus?

a. Cellulose

b. Chitin

c. Cholesterol

d. Phospholipids

A fat molecule consists of ________.

a. Carbohydrates and proteins.

b. Complex carbohydrates only.

c. Saturated oxygen atoms.

d. A carbon skeleton and fatty acids.