Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

12. Meiosis

Meiosis I

General Biology

12. Meiosis

Meiosis I

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2:32 minutes

Problem 6a

Textbook Question

The diagram shows a cell in meiosis. Label the appropriate structures with these terms: chromosome (label as duplicated or unduplicated), centromere, kinetochore, sister chromatids, nonsister chromatids, homologous pair (use a bracket when labeling), homolog (label each one), chiasma, sister chromatid cohesion, and gene loci, labeling the alleles of the F and H genes.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the stage of meiosis depicted in the diagram. This will help determine the arrangement of chromosomes and other structures.

Locate the chromosomes in the diagram. Determine if they are duplicated (consisting of sister chromatids) or unduplicated. Label them accordingly.

Find the centromere on each chromosome, which is the region where sister chromatids are joined. Label the centromere and the kinetochore, which is the protein structure on the centromere where spindle fibers attach.

Identify the homologous pairs of chromosomes. Use a bracket to label the homologous pair and label each homolog within the pair.

Locate the chiasma, which is the point where nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material during crossing over. Label the chiasma and indicate the sister chromatid cohesion, which is the connection between sister chromatids. Finally, label the gene loci for the F and H genes, indicating the alleles present.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Meiosis

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells. It consists of two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids. This process is crucial for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

Chromosome Structure

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA and proteins. During meiosis, chromosomes can be duplicated or unduplicated. Duplicated chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Key structures include the kinetochore, which is the attachment site for spindle fibers, and the centromere, which holds sister chromatids together.

Genetic Recombination

Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material at points called chiasmata. This process increases genetic variation by producing new combinations of alleles. Gene loci are specific locations on chromosomes where genes are found, and alleles are different versions of a gene that can be inherited.