Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?
a. Chlorophyll b
b. Cellulose in cell walls
c. Sexual reproduction
d. Alternation of multicellular generations

Three of the following are evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants. Select the exception.

a. Similar sperm structure

b. The presence of chloroplasts

c. Similarities in cell wall formation during cell division

d. Genetic similarities in chloroplasts

What important role does lignin play in vascular plants?

a. It is the major component of the cuticle, which prevents plants from drying out.

b. It forms the outer layer of pollen grains.

c. It forms the tough, rigid cell walls of water-conducting cells.

d. It nourishes the embryo in seed plants.

How is energy transferred among antenna pigment molecules?

a. By heat

b. By redox reactions

c. By fluorescence

d. By resonance

Identify the cloud seen in each photograph. Describe the life cycle events associated with each cloud.

<Image>

The appearance of cuticle and stomata correlated with what event in the evolution of green plants?

a. The first upright growth forms

b. The first woody tissues

c. Growth on land

d. The evolution of the first water-conducting tissues

Why is chlorophyll green?

a. It absorbs all wavelengths in the visible spectrum.

b. It absorbs wavelengths only in the red portions of the spectrum (680–700 nm).

c. It absorbs wavelengths only in the blue part of the visible spectrum (450–480 nm).

d. It absorbs wavelengths in only the blue and red parts of the visible spectrum.

In angiosperms, which of the following is correctly paired with its chromosome count?

a. Microspore—n

b. Zygote—n

c. Egg—2n

d. Megaspore—2n