Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

7. Energy and Metabolism

Chemical Reactions

General Biology

7. Energy and Metabolism

Chemical Reactions

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2:31 minutes

Problem 1

Textbook Question

Which of the following correctly describe an exergonic reaction? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F The products have lower Gibbs free energy than the reactants.
T/F Activation energy is required for the reaction to proceed.
T/F The products always have lower entropy than the reactants.
T/F The reaction always occurs quickly.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of an exergonic reaction: An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where the change in Gibbs free energy (

Δ G

) is negative, indicating that the reaction releases energy.

Evaluate the statement about Gibbs free energy: In an exergonic reaction, the products have lower Gibbs free energy than the reactants because energy is released during the reaction. This statement is true.

Consider the role of activation energy: Even though exergonic reactions release energy, they often require an initial input of energy to overcome the activation energy barrier. This statement is true.

Analyze the statement about entropy: Exergonic reactions do not necessarily result in products with lower entropy. Entropy can increase or decrease depending on the specific reaction. This statement is false.

Assess the speed of the reaction: The speed of an exergonic reaction is not determined solely by its exergonic nature. Other factors, such as the presence of catalysts, affect reaction speed. This statement is false.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Exergonic Reaction

An exergonic reaction is a chemical process where the Gibbs free energy of the products is lower than that of the reactants, indicating that energy is released during the reaction. This release of energy makes the reaction spontaneous under constant temperature and pressure conditions.

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic quantity that combines enthalpy and entropy to predict the feasibility of a reaction. In exergonic reactions, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is negative, signifying that the reaction releases energy and can occur spontaneously.

Activation Energy

Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. Even in exergonic reactions, activation energy is needed to overcome the energy barrier and allow the reactants to transform into products, despite the overall energy release.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

Molecules A and B contain 110 kcal/mol of free energy, and molecules B and C contain 150 kcal/mol of energy. A and B are converted to C and D. What can be concluded?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following determines the sign of ΔG for a reaction?

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Multiple Choice

What do the sign and magnitude of the ΔG of a reaction tell us about the speed of the reaction? and

A chemical reaction is designated as exergonic rather than endergonic when __________. and

What factors determine whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous or not?

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Textbook Question

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

a. The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.

b. The reaction is now irreversible.

c. Both forward and reverse reactions have halted.

d. The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

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Textbook Question

Using what you have learned about changes in Gibbs free energy, would you predict the ∆G value of catabolic reactions to be positive or negative? What about anabolic reactions? Justify your answers using the terms 'enthalpy' and 'entropy.'

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Multiple Choice

What mass of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) is required to completely react with 6.5 g of barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2·8H2O) in a chemical reaction?

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